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>>> def fun():
...   if v:
...     pass
... 
>>> import dis
>>> dis.dis(fun)
  2           0 LOAD_GLOBAL              0 (v)
              2 POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE        4

  3     >>    4 LOAD_CONST               0 (None)
              6 RETURN_VALUE
>>>

“真” 是怎么定义的

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int
PyObject_IsTrue(PyObject *v)
{
    Py_ssize_t res;
    if (v == Py_True)   // 快速判断
        return 1;
    if (v == Py_False)
        return 0;
    if (v == Py_None)
        return 0;
    else if (v->ob_type->tp_as_number != NULL &&
             v->ob_type->tp_as_number->nb_bool != NULL)
        res = (*v->ob_type->tp_as_number->nb_bool)(v); // 调用对象的 __bool__
    else if (v->ob_type->tp_as_mapping != NULL &&
             v->ob_type->tp_as_mapping->mp_length != NULL)
        res = (*v->ob_type->tp_as_mapping->mp_length)(v); // 调用对象的 __len__
    else if (v->ob_type->tp_as_sequence != NULL &&
             v->ob_type->tp_as_sequence->sq_length != NULL)
        res = (*v->ob_type->tp_as_sequence->sq_length)(v);// 调用对象的 __len__
    else
        return 1;  // 默认为真
    /* if it is negative, it should be either -1 or -2 */
    return (res > 0) ? 1 : Py_SAFE_DOWNCAST(res, Py_ssize_t, int);
}

Ii8pI0rp+U6fb1+PQ+0VjKW74LsM8mbRo1cQ16AOcDg=

1. 如果 v 是 True ，那么为 True;
2. 如果 v 是 False ，那么为 False ；
3. 如果 v 是 None ，那么为 False ；
4. 如果 v 定义了魔术方法 __bool__ ，则调用它；
5. 如果 v 是映射容器，那么调用 __len__ 方法，空容器视为 False ；
6. 如果 v 是序列对象，那么调用 __len__ 方法，空序列视为 False ；
7. 以上都不是，那么为 True 。

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typedef Py_ssize_t (*lenfunc)(PyObject *);

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Python实现

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def truth(obj: Any, /) -> bool:
    if obj is True:
        return True
    elif obj is False:
        return False
    elif obj is None:
        return False
    elif hasattr(obj, '__bool__'):
        return obj.__bool__()
    elif hasattr(obj, '__len__'):
        return obj.__len__()
    return True

not 的处理方式

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>>> def fun():
...   if not v:
...     pass
... 
>>> import dis
>>> dis.dis(fun)
  2           0 LOAD_GLOBAL              0 (v)
              2 POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE         4

  3     >>    4 LOAD_CONST               0 (None)
              6 RETURN_VALUE
>>>

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