Program to implement Logic Gates

Program to implement Logic Gates

A Logic gate is an elementary building block of any digital circuits. It takes one or two inputs and produces output based on those inputs. Outputs may be high (1) or low (0). Logic gates are implemented using diodes or transistors. It can also be constructed using vacuum tubes, electromagnetic elements like optics, molecule etc. In a computer, most of the electronic circuits are made up logic gates. Logic gates are used to create a circuit that performs calculations, data storage or shows off object-oriented programming especially the power of inheritance.

There are seven basic logic gates defined, these are:

1. AND gate,
2. OR gate,
3. NOT gate,
4. NAND gate,
5. NOR gate,
6. XOR gate and
7. XNOR gate.

Below are the brief details about them along with their implementation:

1. AND Gate
   The AND gate gives an output of 1 if both the two inputs are 1, it gives 0 otherwise.
   

   Below are the programs to implement AND gate using various methods:

   1. Using product method.
   2. Using if else condition.
   3. Using “and (&)” operator.
   • Product Method
   • & Operator
   • If-Else

   // C program implementing the AND gate

   // through product method.

   #include <stdio.h>

   #include <stdlib.h>

   int main()

   {

   int a[5] = { 1, 0, 1, 0, 1 };

   int b[5] = { 0, 1, 1, 0, 0 };

   int i, product;

   for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

   // using product method

   product = a[i] * b[i];

   printf("\n %d AND %d = %d",

   a[i], b[i], product);

   }

   }
   Output:

   1 AND 0 = 0
    0 AND 1 = 0
    1 AND 1 = 1
    0 AND 0 = 0
    1 AND 0 = 0
   

2. OR Gate
   The OR gate gives an output of 1 if either of the two inputs are 1, it gives 0 otherwise.
   

   Below are the programs to implement AND gate using various methods:

   1. Using + operator.
   2. Using | operator.
   3. Using || operator.
   4. Using if else.
   • + Operator
   • | Operator
   • || Operator
   • If-Else

   // C program implementing the OR gate

   // using + operator

   #include <stdio.h>

   #include <stdlib.h>

   int main()

   {

   int a[5] = { 1, 0, 1, 0, 1 };

   int b[5] = { 0, 1, 1, 0, 0 };

   int i, or_ans;

   for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

   // using the + operator

   if (a[i] + b[i] > 0)

   or_ans = 1;

   else

   or_ans = 0;

   printf("\n %d AND %d = %d",

   a[i], b[i], or_ans);

   }

   }
   Output:

   1 AND 0 = 1
    0 AND 1 = 1
    1 AND 1 = 1
    0 AND 0 = 0
    1 AND 0 = 1
   

3. NAND Gate
   The NAND gate (negated AND) gives an output of 0 if both inputs are 1, it gives 1 otherwise.
   

   Below are the programs to implement NAND gate using various methods:

   1. Using if else.
   2. Using Complement of the product.
   • If-Else
   • Complement of the product

   // C program implementing the NAND gate

   #include <stdio.h>

   #include <stdlib.h>

   int main()

   {

   int a[5] = { 1, 0, 1, 0, 1 };

   int b[5] = { 0, 1, 1, 0, 0 };

   int i, ans;

   for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

   if (a[i] == 1 && b[i] == 1)

   ans = 0;

   else

   ans = 1;

   printf("\n %d NAND %d = %d",

   a[i], b[i], ans);

   }

   }
   Output:

   1 NAND 0 = 1
    0 NAND 1 = 1
    1 NAND 1 = 0
    0 NAND 0 = 1
    1 NAND 0 = 1
   

4. NOR Gate
   The NOR gate (negated OR) gives an output of 1 if both inputs are 0, it gives 1 otherwise.
   

   Below are the programs to implement NOR gate using various methods:

   1. Using + Operator.
   2. Using if else.
   • + Operator
   • If-Else

   // C program implementing the NOR gate

   #include <stdio.h>

   #include <stdlib.h>

   int main()

   {

   int a[5] = { 1, 0, 1, 0, 1 };

   int b[5] = { 0, 1, 1, 0, 0 };

   int i, ans;

   for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

   ans = !(a[i] + b[i]);

   printf("\n %d NOR %d = %d",

   a[i], b[i], ans);

   }

   }
   Output:

   1 NOR 0 = 0
    0 NOR 1 = 0
    1 NOR 1 = 0
    0 NOR 0 = 1
    1 NOR 0 = 0
   

5. NOT Gate

   It acts as an inverter. It takes only one input. If the input is given as 1, it will invert the result as 0 and vice-versa.
   

   Below are the programs to implement NOT gate using various methods:

   1. Using ! Operator.
   2. Using if else.
   • If-Else
   • ! Operator

   // C program implementing the NOT gate

   #include <stdio.h>

   #include <stdlib.h>

   int main()

   {

   int a[5] = { 1, 0, 1, 0, 1 };

   int i, ans;

   for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

   if (a[i] == 0)

   ans = 1;

   else

   ans = 0;

   printf("\n  NOT %d = %d", a[i], ans);

   }

   }
   Output:

   NOT 1 = 0
     NOT 0 = 1
     NOT 1 = 0
     NOT 0 = 1
     NOT 1 = 0
   

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