Electric vehicles and gas-powered pickups are the least reliable vehicles sold in America, whereas hybrids and gas-powered sedans are the most reliable, according to Consumer Reports 2022 Annual Auto Reliability survey.

Every year the consumer advocacy non-profit asks its members about problems they’ve had with their vehicles in the past 12 months in 17 trouble areas, including issues with a car's engine, transmission, electronics, plus fit and finish issues, among others. Consumer Reports then uses that information to predict reliability ratings for new cars from every major automaker for every model sold in the U.S.

Consumer Reports gathered data on more than 300,000 vehicles from the 2000 to 2022 model years, with a few newly-introduced 2023 models. In order to predict reliability for new models, those redesigned for 2023, and models with insufficient data, Consumer Reports “analyzes the brand’s reliability history, the previous generations, and, if applicable, the reliability of models with shared components.”

Of the models surveyed, EVs and hybrids are some of the most desirable and in-demand, but their reliability ratings are at the opposite ends of the spectrum.

“EVs are gaining in market share, and CR has more data than ever before from its owner surveys to gauge their reliability,” Consumer Reports said. “But with the introduction of so many new models, the results are, not surprisingly, subpar.”

The study found that Tesla models continue to have issues with “body hardware, steering/suspension, paint and trim, and climate system on its models,” but the electric powertrains haven’t had many issues. While the Model 3 has average reliability, and the Model S,Y, and X have below average reliability, Tesla still rose four spots this year to 19th place in the overall brand rankings.

Looking at EVs from other manufacturers, owners reported charging problems, battery issues, and electric motor problems from those cars. Of the 11 EV models that Consumer Reports has data on, only 4 of them (the Kia EV6, Tesla Model 3, Nissan Leaf, Hyundai Ioniq 5) have average or better than average predicted reliability.