@Injectable()
export class PlatformRef {
  // 传入注入器，作为平台注入器
  constructor(private _injector: Injector) {}

// 为给定的平台创建一个 @NgModule 的实例，以进行离线编译
  bootstrapModuleFactory<M>(moduleFactory: NgModuleFactory<M>, options?: BootstrapOptions):
      Promise<NgModuleRef<M>> {}

// 使用给定的运行时编译器，为给定的平台创建一个 @NgModule 的实例
  bootstrapModule<M>(
      moduleType: Type<M>,
      compilerOptions: (CompilerOptions&BootstrapOptions)|
      Array<CompilerOptions&BootstrapOptions> = []): Promise<NgModuleRef<M>> {}

// 注册销毁平台时要调用的侦听器
  onDestroy(callback: () => void): void {}

// 获取平台注入器
  // 该平台注入器是页面上每个 Angular 应用程序的父注入器，并提供单例提供程序
  get injector(): Injector {}

// 销毁页面上的当前 Angular 平台和所有 Angular 应用程序，包括销毁在平台上注册的所有模块和侦听器
  destroy() {}
}

export const platformBrowser: (extraProviders?: StaticProvider[]) => PlatformRef =
    createPlatformFactory(platformCore, 'browser', INTERNAL_BROWSER_PLATFORM_PROVIDERS);

// 其中，platformCore 平台必须包含在任何其他平台中
export const platformCore = createPlatformFactory(null, 'core', _CORE_PLATFORM_PROVIDERS);

export function createPlatformFactory(
    parentPlatformFactory: ((extraProviders?: StaticProvider[]) => PlatformRef)|null, name: string,
    providers: StaticProvider[] = []): (extraProviders?: StaticProvider[]) => PlatformRef {
  const desc = `Platform: ${name}`;
  const marker = new InjectionToken(desc); // DI 令牌
  return (extraProviders: StaticProvider[] = []) => {
    let platform = getPlatform();
    // 若平台已创建，则不做处理
    if (!platform || platform.injector.get(ALLOW_MULTIPLE_PLATFORMS, false)) {
      if (parentPlatformFactory) {
        // 若有父级平台，则直接使用父级平台，并更新相应的提供者
        parentPlatformFactory(
            providers.concat(extraProviders).concat({provide: marker, useValue: true}));
      } else {
        const injectedProviders: StaticProvider[] =
            providers.concat(extraProviders).concat({provide: marker, useValue: true}, {
              provide: INJECTOR_SCOPE,
              useValue: 'platform'
            });
        // 若无父级平台，则新建注入器，并创建平台
        createPlatform(Injector.create({providers: injectedProviders, name: desc}));
      }
    }
    return assertPlatform(marker);
  };
}

export abstract class Injector {
  static NULL: Injector = new NullInjector();
}

@NgModule({ providers: APPLICATION_MODULE_PROVIDERS })
export class ApplicationModule {
  // ApplicationRef 需要引导程序提供组件
  constructor(appRef: ApplicationRef) {}
}

class ComponentFactory_ extends ComponentFactory<any>{
  create(
      injector: Injector, projectableNodes?: any[][], rootSelectorOrNode?: string|any,
      ngModule?: NgModuleRef<any>): ComponentRef<any> {
    if (!ngModule) {
      throw new Error('ngModule should be provided');
    }
    const viewDef = resolveDefinition(this.viewDefFactory);
    const componentNodeIndex = viewDef.nodes[0].element!.componentProvider!.nodeIndex;
    // 使用根数据创建根视图
    const view = Services.createRootView(
        injector, projectableNodes || [], rootSelectorOrNode, viewDef, ngModule, EMPTY_CONTEXT);
    // view.nodes 的访问器
    const component = asProviderData(view, componentNodeIndex).instance;
    if (rootSelectorOrNode) {
      view.renderer.setAttribute(asElementData(view, 0).renderElement, 'ng-version', VERSION.full);
    }
    // 创建组件
    return new ComponentRef_(view, new ViewRef_(view), component);
  }
}

function createRootData(
    elInjector: Injector, ngModule: NgModuleRef<any>, rendererFactory: RendererFactory2,
    projectableNodes: any[][], rootSelectorOrNode: any): RootData {
  const sanitizer = ngModule.injector.get(Sanitizer);
  const errorHandler = ngModule.injector.get(ErrorHandler);
  const renderer = rendererFactory.createRenderer(null, null);
  return {
    ngModule,
    injector: elInjector,
    projectableNodes,
    selectorOrNode: rootSelectorOrNode,
    sanitizer,
    rendererFactory,
    renderer,
    errorHandler,
  };
}

export interface ElementDef {
  ...
  // 在该视图中可见的 DI 的公共提供者
  publicProviders: {[tokenKey: string]: NodeDef}|null;
  // 与 visiblePublicProviders 相同，但还包括位于此元素上的私有提供者
  allProviders: {[tokenKey: string]: NodeDef}|null;
}

const compRef = componentFactory.create(Injector.NULL, [], selectorOrNode, ngModule);

class Injector_ implements Injector {
  constructor(private view: ViewData, private elDef: NodeDef|null) {}
  get(token: any, notFoundValue: any = Injector.THROW_IF_NOT_FOUND): any {
    const allowPrivateServices =
        this.elDef ? (this.elDef.flags & NodeFlags.ComponentView) !== 0 : false;
    return Services.resolveDep(
        this.view, this.elDef, allowPrivateServices,
        {flags: DepFlags.None, token, tokenKey: tokenKey(token)}, notFoundValue);
  }
}

class ViewContainerRef_ implements ViewContainerData {
  ...
  // 父级试图元素注入器的查询
  get parentInjector(): Injector {
    let view = this._view;
    let elDef = this._elDef.parent;
    while (!elDef && view) {
      elDef = viewParentEl(view);
      view = view.parent!;
    }

return view ? new Injector_(view, elDef) : new Injector_(this._view, null);
  }
}

export function resolveDep(
    view: ViewData, elDef: NodeDef, allowPrivateServices: boolean, depDef: DepDef,
    notFoundValue: any = Injector.THROW_IF_NOT_FOUND): any {
  //
  //          mod1
  //         /
  //       el1   mod2
  //         \  /
  //         el2
  //
  // 请求 el2.injector.get(token)时，按以下顺序检查并返回找到的第一个值：
  // - el2.injector.get(token, default)
  // - el1.injector.get(token, NOT_FOUND_CHECK_ONLY_ELEMENT_INJECTOR) -> do not check the module
  // - mod2.injector.get(token, default)
}

<!-- HostView_AppComponent -->
    <my-app></my-app>
<!-- View_AppComponent -->
    <child></child>
<!-- View_ChildComponent -->
    some content

// 对于组件视图，这是宿主元素
// 对于嵌入式视图，这是包含视图容器的父节点的索引
export function viewParentEl(view: ViewData): NodeDef|null {
  const parentView = view.parent;
  if (parentView) {
    return view.parentNodeDef !.parent;
  } else {
    return null;
  }
}