C# 实现一个基于值相等性比较的字典

Intro

今天在项目里遇到一个需求，大概是这样的我要比较两个 JSON 字符串是不是相等，JSON 字符串其实是一个 Dictionary<string, string> 但是顺序可能不同，和上一篇 record 使用场景 中的第一个需求类似，前面我们介绍过使用 record 可以比较方便的解决，但是我们的项目是 .netcoreapp3.1 的，不能使用 record ，如何比较方便的比较呢？我们能否自己实现一个类似于 record 的类型，基于值去比较呢？于是就有了本文的探索

StringValueDictioanry

实现了一个基于值进行比较的字典，实现代码如下，实现的比较简单，涉及到一些简单的知识点，平时不怎么用已经忘了怎么写了，通过写下面的代码又学习了一下

先来看测试代码吧，测试代码如下：

[Fact]
public void EqualsTest()
{
    var abc = new { Id = 1, Name = "Tom" };
    var dic1 = StringValueDictionary.FromObject(abc);
    var dic2 = StringValueDictionary.FromObject(new Dictionary<string, object>()
    {
        {"Name", "Tom" },
        {"Id", 1},
    });

    Assert.True(dic1 == dic2);
    Assert.Equal(dic1, dic2);
}

[Fact]
public void DistinctTest()
{
    var abc = new { Id = 1, Name = "Tom" };
    var dic1 = StringValueDictionary.FromObject(abc);
    var dic2 = StringValueDictionary.FromObject(new Dictionary<string, object>()
    {
        {"Id", 1},
        {"Name", "Tom" },
    });
    var set = new HashSet<StringValueDictionary>();
    set.Add(dic1);
    set.Add(dic2);

    Assert.Single(set);
}

[Fact]
public void CloneTest()
{
    var dic1 = StringValueDictionary.FromObject(new Dictionary<string, object>()
    {
        {"Id", 1},
        {"Name", "Tom" }
    });
    var dic2 = dic1.Clone();
    Assert.False(ReferenceEquals(dic1, dic2));
    Assert.True(dic1 == dic2);
}

[Fact]
public void ImplicitConvertTest()
{
    var abc = new { Id = 1, Name = "Tom" };
    var stringValueDictionary = StringValueDictionary.FromObject(abc);
    Dictionary<string, string> dictionary = stringValueDictionary;
    Assert.Equal(stringValueDictionary.Count, dictionary.Count);

    var dic2 = StringValueDictionary.FromObject(dictionary);

    Assert.Equal(dic2, stringValueDictionary);
    Assert.True(dic2 == stringValueDictionary);
}

从上面的代码可能大概能看出一些实现，重写了默认的 Equals 和 GetHashCode ，并重载了“==” 运算符，并且实现了一个从 StringValueDictionary 到 Dictionary 的隐式转换，来看下面的实现代码：

public sealed class StringValueDictionary : IEquatable<StringValueDictionary>
{
    private readonly Dictionary<string, string?> _dictionary = new();

    private StringValueDictionary(IDictionary<string, string?> dictionary)
    {
        foreach (var pair in dictionary)
        {
            _dictionary[pair.Key] = pair.Value;
        }
    }

    private StringValueDictionary(StringValueDictionary dictionary)
    {
        foreach (var key in dictionary.Keys)
        {
            _dictionary[key] = dictionary[key];
        }
    }

    public static StringValueDictionary FromObject(object obj)
    {
        if (obj is null) throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(obj));
        if (obj is IDictionary<string, string?> dictionary)
        {
            return new StringValueDictionary(dictionary);
        }
        if (obj is IDictionary<string, object?> dictionary2)
        {
            return new StringValueDictionary(dictionary2.ToDictionary(p => p.Key, p => p.Value?.ToString()));
        }
        if (obj is StringValueDictionary dictionary3)
        {
            return new StringValueDictionary(dictionary3);
        }
        return new StringValueDictionary(obj.GetType().GetProperties()
            .ToDictionary(p => p.Name, p => p.GetValue(obj)?.ToString()));
    }

    public static StringValueDictionary FromJson(string json)
    {
        Guard.NotNull(json, nameof(json));
        var dic = json.JsonToObject<Dictionary<string, object?>>()
            .ToDictionary(x => x.Key, x => x.Value?.ToString());
        return new StringValueDictionary(dic);
    }

    public StringValueDictionary Clone() => new(this);

    public int Count => _dictionary.Count;

    public bool ContainsKey(string key) => _dictionary.ContainsKey(key) ? _dictionary.ContainsKey(key) : throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(key));

    public string? this[string key] => _dictionary[key];

    public Dictionary<string, string>.KeyCollection Keys => _dictionary.Keys!;

    public bool Equals(StringValueDictionary? other)
    {
        if (other is null) return false;
        if (other.Count != Count) return false;
        foreach (var key in _dictionary.Keys)
        {
            if (!other.ContainsKey(key))
            {
                return false;
            }
            if (_dictionary[key] != other[key])
            {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    public override bool Equals(object obj)
    {
        return Equals(obj as StringValueDictionary);
    }

    public override int GetHashCode()
    {
        var stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
        foreach (var pair in _dictionary)
        {
            stringBuilder.Append($"{pair.Key}={pair.Value}_");
        }
        return stringBuilder.ToString().GetHashCode();
    }

    public static bool operator ==(StringValueDictionary? current, StringValueDictionary? other)
    {
        return current?.Equals(other) == true;
    }

    public static bool operator !=(StringValueDictionary? current, StringValueDictionary? other)
    {
        return current?.Equals(other) != true;
    }

    public static implicit operator Dictionary<string, string?>(StringValueDictionary dictionary)
    {
        return dictionary._dictionary;
    }
}

上述代码实现的有点粗糙，可能会有一些问题，仅供参考

以上代码基本实现了基于想要的值的相等性比较以及 Clone（复制、克隆）的目标

实现相等性比较的时候， Equals 和 GetHashCode 方法也要重写，如果没有重写 GetHashCode ，编译器也会给出警告，如果没有重写 GetHashCode 在实际在 HashSet 或者 Dictionary 里可能会出现重复 key

重载运算符的时候需要一个静态方法，"==" 和 "!=" 是一对操作运算符，如果要实现两个都要实现，不能只实现其中一个

implicit也算是一个特殊的运算符，巧妙的使用隐式转换可以大大简化代码的写法， StackExchange.Redis 中就使用了 implicit 来实现 RedisValue 和 string 等其他常用类型的隐式转换

C# 实现一个基于值相等性比较的字典