Different ways to compare string in Swift

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String comparison is an essential operation for day to day job. Swift provides a few variations for this. We will visit them in this article.

Test for string equality in Swift

In Swift, you can check for string and character equality with the "equal to" operator (==) and "not equal to" operator (!=).

let password = "123456"
let passwordConfirmation = "123456"

password == passwordConfirmation
// true

Test for character equality in Swift

We use the same operator for Character.

let a: Character = "a"
let alsoA: Character = "a"

a == alsoA 
// true

These "equal to" operator is suitable for simple string comparison where you required an exact match. If you more control over the matching criteria, such as ignore case or diacritic marks, you will need the help of compare.

Compare two strings ignoring case in Swift

To make a case insensitive comparison, we use compare(_:options:).

let a = "a"
let capitalA = "A"

a.compare(capitalA, options: .caseInsensitive) 
// ComparisonResult.orderedSame

if a.compare(capitalA, options: .caseInsensitive) == .orderedSame {
    // a is equals to A
}

You can alos use a shortform of caseInsensitiveCompare(_:).

let a = "a"
let capitalA = "A"

a.caseInsensitiveCompare(capitalA) 
// ComparisonResult.orderedSame

Caveat

You might be tempted to use lowercased() and uppercased() with the "equal to" operator to do case insensitive comparison.

let a = "a"
let capitalA = "A"

a.lowercased() == capitalA.lowercased()
// true
a.uppercased() == capitalA.uppercased()
// true

You should get an expected result most of the time, but that's not always the case.

The only problem I know so far is the word "Straße", which means street in German.

let street = "Straße"
let alsoStreet = "STRASSE"

print(street.lowercased())
// straße
print(alsoStreet.uppercased())
// STRASSE

street.lowercased() == alsoStreet.lowercased()
// false

street.uppercased() == alsoStreet.uppercased()
// true

street.compare(alsoStreet, options: .caseInsensitive) == .orderedSame
// true

The problem is "ß" is lowercased, which doesn't get any conversion with lowercased(), but got convert to SS with uppercased(). This kind of special treatment in language might cause you an unexpected behavior. This is only one example from one language, but we can't know for sure if this can happen elsewhere, so I suggest you use compare for this kind of job.

I also think that street.compare(alsoStreet, options: .caseInsensitive) == .orderedSame sending a clearer message for the reader.

This would convey a message that you want to compare two strings ignoring their cases (.caseInsensitive).

street.compare(alsoStreet, options: .caseInsensitive) == .orderedSame

While this means the lowercase form of two strings should be equals. Very different, right?

street.lowercased() == alsoStreet.lowercased()

I might be wrong about the meaning and assumption of the word "Straße" because I don't know German. My point is you can't assume that uppercase or lowercase form in other languages would be as simple and straightforward as English.

You can read more here: What is the appropriate capitalization of 'ß'?

Compare two strings ignoring diacritic marks in Swift

A diacritic mark is a glyph added to a letter or basic glyph, which use in some languages.

To compare strings ignoring diacritic, we also use compare(_:options:), but this time we pass .diacriticInsensitive as an option.

let e = "e"
let eWithAcuteAccent = "é"

e.compare(eWithAcuteAccent, options: .diacriticInsensitive) 
// ComparisonResult.orderedSame

if e.compare(eWithAcuteAccent, options: .diacriticInsensitive) == .orderedSame {
    // e is equals to é
}

Related Resources

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