关于Unity特效热扰动的特别优化(伪)-腾讯游戏学院

/********************************************************************
 FileName: DistortEffect.cs
 Description: 屏幕扭曲效果
 Created: 2017/04/27
 by： puppet_master
*********************************************************************/
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class DistortEffect : PostEffectBase ｛
    //扭曲的时间系数
    [Range(0.0f, 1.0f)]
    public float DistortTimeFactor = 0.15f;
    //扭曲的强度
    [Range(0.0f, 0.2f)]
    public float DistortStrength = 0.01f;
    //噪声图
    public Texture NoiseTexture = null;
    //渲染Mask图所用的shader
    public Shader maskObjShader = null;
    //降采样系数
    public int downSample = 4;
    private Camera mainCam = null;
    private Camera additionalCam = null;
    private RenderTexture renderTexture = null;
    public void OnRenderImage(RenderTexture source, RenderTexture destination)
    ｛
        if (_Material)
        ｛
            _Material.SetTexture("_NoiseTex", NoiseTexture);
            _Material.SetFloat("_DistortTimeFactor", DistortTimeFactor);
            _Material.SetFloat("_DistortStrength", DistortStrength);
            _Material.SetTexture("_MaskTex", renderTexture);
            Graphics.Blit(source, destination, _Material);
        ｝
        else
        ｛
            Graphics.Blit(source, destination);
        ｝
    ｝
    void Awake()
    ｛
        //创建一个和当前相机一致的相机
        InitAdditionalCam();
    ｝
    private void InitAdditionalCam()
    ｛
        mainCam = GetComponent<Camera>();
        if (mainCam == null)
            return;
        Transform addCamTransform = transform.FindChild("additionalDistortCam");
        if (addCamTransform != null)
            DestroyImmediate(addCamTransform.gameObject);
        GameObject additionalCamObj = new GameObject("additionalDistortCam");
        additionalCam = additionalCamObj.AddComponent<Camera>();
        SetAdditionalCam();
    ｝
    private void SetAdditionalCam()
    ｛
        if (additionalCam)
        ｛
            additionalCam.transform.parent = mainCam.transform;
            additionalCam.transform.localPosition = Vector3.zero;
            additionalCam.transform.localRotation = Quaternion.identity;
            additionalCam.transform.localScale = Vector3.one;
            additionalCam.farClipPlane = mainCam.farClipPlane;
            additionalCam.nearClipPlane = mainCam.nearClipPlane;
            additionalCam.fieldOfView = mainCam.fieldOfView;
            additionalCam.backgroundColor = Color.clear;
            additionalCam.clearFlags = CameraClearFlags.Color;
            additionalCam.cullingMask = 1 << LayerMask.NameToLayer("Distort");
            additionalCam.depth = -999;
            //分辨率可以低一些
            if (renderTexture == null)
                renderTexture = RenderTexture.GetTemporary(Screen.width >> downSample, Screen.height >> downSample, 0);
        ｝
    ｝
    void OnEnable()
    ｛
        SetAdditionalCam();
        additionalCam.enabled = true;
    ｝
    void OnDisable()
    ｛
        additionalCam.enabled = false;
    ｝
    void OnDestroy()
    ｛
        if (renderTexture)
        ｛
            RenderTexture.ReleaseTemporary(renderTexture);
        ｝
        DestroyImmediate(additionalCam.gameObject);
    ｝
    //在真正渲染前的回调，此处渲染Mask遮罩图
    void OnPreRender()
    ｛
        //maskObjShader进行渲染
        if (additionalCam.enabled)
        ｛
            additionalCam.targetTexture = renderTexture;
            additionalCam.RenderWithShader(maskObjShader, "");
        ｝
    ｝
｝

/********************************************************************
 FileName: DistortEffect.cs
 Description: 屏幕扭曲效果
 Created: 2017/04/27
 by： puppet_master
*********************************************************************/
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
public class DistortEffect : MonoBehaviour ｛
	public Shader shader = null;
	private Material _material = null;
	public Material _Material
	｛
		get
		｛
			if (_material == null)
				_material = GenerateMaterial(shader);
			return _material;
		｝
	｝
	//根据shader创建用于屏幕特效的材质
	protected Material GenerateMaterial(Shader shader)
	｛
		if (shader == null)
			return null;
		//需要判断shader是否支持
		if (shader.isSupported == false)
			return null;
		Material material = new Material(shader);
		material.hideFlags = HideFlags.DontSave;
		if (material)
			return material;
		return null;
	｝
	//扭曲的时间系数
	[Range(0.0f, 1.0f)]
	public float DistortTimeFactor = 0.5f;
	//扭曲的强度
	[Range(0.0f, 0.2f)]
	public float DistortStrength = 0.01f;
	//噪声图1 对应R
	public Texture NoiseTexture1 = null;
	//噪声图2 对应G
	public Texture NoiseTexture2 = null;
	//噪声图3 对应B
	public Texture NoiseTexture3 = null;
	//降采样系数
	public int downSample = 1;
	private Camera mainCam = null;
	private Camera additionalCam = null;
	private RenderTexture renderTexture = null;
	public void OnRenderImage(RenderTexture source, RenderTexture destination)
	｛
        if(additionalCam)
        ｛
            additionalCam.targetTexture = renderTexture;
            additionalCam.Render();
            if (_Material)
            ｛
                _Material.SetTexture("_NoiseTex1", NoiseTexture1);
                _Material.SetTexture("_NoiseTex2", NoiseTexture2);
                _Material.SetTexture("_NoiseTex3", NoiseTexture3);
                _Material.SetFloat("_DistortTimeFactor", DistortTimeFactor);
                _Material.SetFloat("_DistortStrength", DistortStrength);
                _Material.SetTexture("_MaskTex", renderTexture);
                Graphics.Blit(source, destination, _Material);
            ｝
            else
            ｛
                Graphics.Blit(source, destination);
            ｝
        ｝
	｝
	void Awake()
	｛
		//创建一个和当前相机一致的相机
		InitAdditionalCam();
	｝
	private void InitAdditionalCam()
	｛
		mainCam = GetComponent<Camera>();
		if (mainCam == null)
			return;
		mainCam.depthTextureMode |= DepthTextureMode.Depth;
		Transform addCamTransform = transform.Find("additionalDistortCam");
		if (addCamTransform != null)
			DestroyImmediate(addCamTransform.gameObject);
		GameObject additionalCamObj = new GameObject("additionalDistortCam");
		additionalCam = additionalCamObj.AddComponent<Camera>();
        additionalCam.transform.parent = mainCam.transform;
        additionalCam.transform.localPosition = Vector3.zero;
        additionalCam.transform.localRotation = Quaternion.identity;
        additionalCam.transform.localScale = Vector3.one;
        additionalCam.backgroundColor = Color.clear;
        additionalCam.clearFlags = CameraClearFlags.Color;
        additionalCam.cullingMask = 1 << LayerMask.NameToLayer("DistortEffect");
        additionalCam.depth = -999;
        additionalCam.allowHDR = false;
        additionalCam.allowMSAA = false;
        SetAdditionalCam();
    ｝
    private void SetAdditionalCam()
	｛
		additionalCam.farClipPlane = mainCam.farClipPlane;
		additionalCam.nearClipPlane = mainCam.nearClipPlane;
		additionalCam.fieldOfView = mainCam.fieldOfView;
		//分辨率可以低一些
		if (renderTexture == null)
			renderTexture = RenderTexture.GetTemporary(Screen.width >> downSample, Screen.height >> downSample, 0);
	｝
	void OnEnable()
	｛
        if(additionalCam)
        ｛
            additionalCam.gameObject.SetActive(true);
            additionalCam.enabled = true;
            SetAdditionalCam();
        ｝
    ｝
    void OnDisable()
	｛
        if (additionalCam)
        ｛
            additionalCam.gameObject.SetActive(false);
            additionalCam.enabled = false;
        ｝
    ｝
	void OnDestroy()
	｛
		if (renderTexture)
		｛
			RenderTexture.ReleaseTemporary(renderTexture);
		｝
		DestroyImmediate(additionalCam.gameObject);
	｝
｝

//全屏幕扭曲Shader
//by：puppet_master
//2017.5.3
Shader "Custom/DistortPostEffect"
｛
	Properties
	｛
		_MainTex("Base (RGB)", 2D) = "white" ｛｝
		_NoiseTex1("Noise1", 2D) = "black" ｛｝//默认给黑色，也就是不会偏移
		_NoiseTex2("Noise2", 2D) = "black" ｛｝//默认给黑色，也就是不会偏移
		_NoiseTex3("Noise3", 2D) = "black" ｛｝//默认给黑色，也就是不会偏移
		_MaskTex("Mask", 2D) = "black" ｛｝//默认给黑色，权重为0
	｝
	CGINCLUDE
	#include "UnityCG.cginc"
	uniform sampler2D _MainTex;
	uniform sampler2D _NoiseTex1;
	uniform sampler2D _NoiseTex2;
	uniform sampler2D _NoiseTex3;
	uniform sampler2D _MaskTex;
	uniform float _DistortTimeFactor;
	uniform float _DistortStrength;
	fixed4 frag(v2f_img i) : SV_Target
	｛
		//根据时间改变采样噪声图获得随机的输出
		float4 noise1 = tex2D(_NoiseTex1, i.uv - _Time.xy * _DistortTimeFactor);
		float4 noise2 = tex2D(_NoiseTex2, i.uv - _Time.xy * _DistortTimeFactor);
		float4 noise3 = tex2D(_NoiseTex3, i.uv - _Time.xy * _DistortTimeFactor);
		//以随机的输出*控制系数得到偏移值
		float2 offset1 = noise1.xy * _DistortStrength;
		float2 offset2 = noise2.xy * _DistortStrength;
		float2 offset3 = noise3.xy * _DistortStrength;
		//采样Mask图获得权重信息
		fixed4 factor = tex2D(_MaskTex, i.uv);
		//像素采样时偏移offset，用Mask权重进行修改
		float2 uv = offset1 * factor.r + offset2 * factor.g + offset3 * factor.b + i.uv;
		return tex2D(_MainTex, uv);
	｝
	ENDCG
	SubShader
	｛
		Pass
		｛
			ZTest Always
			Cull Off
			ZWrite Off
			Fog｛ Mode off ｝
			CGPROGRAM
			#pragma vertex vert_img
			#pragma fragment frag
			#pragma fragmentoption ARB_precision_hint_fastest 
			ENDCG
		｝
	｝
	Fallback off
｝

// Upgrade NOTE: replaced 'mul(UNITY_MATRIX_MVP,*)' with 'UnityObjectToClipPos(*)'
Shader "ApcShader/MaskObjPrepass"
｛
	//子着色器
	Properties
	｛
		_RGBColor("RGB Color", Color) = (1,0,0,1)
	｝
	SubShader
	｛
		Pass
		｛
			Tags｛ "Queue" = "Transparent" "IgnoreProjector" = "True" "RenderType" = "Transparent" ｝
			Blend One OneMinusSrcAlpha // note, we use premultiplied alpha, so 1 (1-src)
			Cull Off Lighting Off ZWrite Off
			CGPROGRAM
			#pragma vertex vert
			#pragma fragment frag
			#include "UnityCG.cginc"
			struct appdata_t
			｛
				float4 vertex     : POSITION;
				float2 texcoord   : TEXCOORD0;
			｝;
			struct v2f
			｛
				float4 vertex        : SV_POSITION;
				float2 texcoord      : TEXCOORD0;
				float4 projPos       : TEXCOORD1;
			｝;
			fixed4 _RGBColor;
			sampler2D_float _CameraDepthTexture;
			v2f vert(appdata_t v)
			｛
				v2f o;
				o.vertex = UnityObjectToClipPos(v.vertex);
				float3 wvp = mul(unity_ObjectToWorld, v.vertex);
				o.projPos = ComputeScreenPos(o.vertex);
				COMPUTE_EYEDEPTH(o.projPos.z);
				o.texcoord = v.texcoord;
				return o;
			｝
			fixed4 frag(v2f i) : SV_Target
			｛
				fixed4 col = _RGBColor;
				// Do Z clip
				float zbuf = LinearEyeDepth(SAMPLE_DEPTH_TEXTURE_PROJ(_CameraDepthTexture, UNITY_PROJ_COORD(i.projPos)));
				float partZ = i.projPos.z;
				float zalpha = saturate((zbuf - partZ + 1e-2f) * 10000);
				col.a = col.a * zalpha;
				// premultiply alpha
				col.rgb = col.rgb * col.a;
				return col;
			｝		
			ENDCG
		｝
	｝
｝

在Unity中，获取深度纹理是非常简单的，我们只需要告诉Unity“把深度纹理给我！”然后再在Shader中直接访问特定的纹理属性即可。这个与Unity沟通的过程是通过在脚本中设置摄像机的depthTextureMode来完成的，例如我们可以通过下面的代码来获取深度纹理：

camera.depthTextureMode = DepthTextureMode.Depth;

同理，如果想要获取深度+法线纹理，我们只需要在代码中这样设置：

camera.depthTextureMode = DepthTextureMode.DepthNormals;

我们还可以组合这些模式，让一个摄像机同时产生一张深度和深度+法线纹理：

float d = SMAPLE_DEPTH_TEXTURE(_CameraDepthTexture, i.uv);

float d = SMAPLE_DEPTH_TEXTURE_PROJ(_CameraDepthTexture, UNITY_PROJ_COORD(i.srcPos));

当通过纹理采样得到深度值后，这些深度值往往是非线性的，这种非线性来自于透视投影使用的裁剪矩阵。然而，在我们的计算过程中通常是需要线性的深度值，也就是说，我们需要把投影后的深度值变换到线性空间下，例如视角空间下的深度值。那么，我们应该如何进行这个转换呢？实际上，我们只需要倒推顶点变换的过程即可。下面我们以透视投影为例，推导如何由深度纹理中的深度信息计算得到视角空间下的深度值。

我们之前已知，当我们使用透视投影的裁剪矩阵P(clip)对视角空间下的一个顶点进行变换后，裁剪空间下顶点的z和w分量为：

其中，Far 和 Near 分别是远近裁剪平面的距离。然后，我们通过齐次除法就可以得到NDC下的z分量：

之前我们知道，深度纹理中的深度值是 通过下面的公式由NDC计算而得的：

由上面的这些式子，我们可以推导出用d表示而得的Z(visw)的表达式：

由于在Unity使用的视角空间中，摄像机正向对应的z值均为负值，因此为了得到深度值的正数表示，我们需要对上面的结果取反，最后得到的结果如下：

它的取值范围就是视锥体深度范围，即[Near,Far]。如果我们想要得到范围在[0, 1]之间的深度值，只需要把上面得到的结果除以Far即可。这样，0就表示该点与摄像机位于同一位置，1表示该点位于视锥体的远裁剪平面上。结果如下：

幸运的是，Unity提供了两个辅助函数来为我们进行上述的计算过程——LinearEyeDepth 和 Linear01Depth。LinearEyeDepth 负责把深度纹理的采样结果转换到视角空间下的深度值，也 就是我们上面得到的Z(visw)。而 Linear01Depth 则会返回一个范围在[0, 1]的线性深度值，也就是我们上面得到的Z(01)，这两个函数内部使用了内置的_ZBufferParams变量来得到远近裁剪平面的距离。

如果我们需要获取深度+法线纹理，可以直接使用tex2D函数对_CameraDepthNormalsTexture 进行采样，得到里面存储的深度和法线信息。Unity提供了辅助函数来为我们队这个采样结果进行解码，从而得到深度值和法线方向。这个函数是DecodeDepthNormal，它在UnityCG.cginc里被定义：