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TIOBE Index for October 2022

October Headline: The big 4 languages keep increasing their dominance

Python, Java, C, and C++ are the top 4 languages of the TIOBE index for quite some time now. They are far ahead of the rest, and the gap seems to be only growing. Last year, these 4 languages had a 40% market share, this year the share is even 55%. This is an indication that there is not much room for competition at the moment. Java's main competitor C# is losing ground, whereas Python competitors R and Ruby are more or less stabilizing. However, for C and C++ there is one small threat arising on the horizon: the programming language Rust. Rust re-entered the top 20 again with an all time high market share of 0.70%. Rust focuses on performance and type safety. One of the reasons for Rust's increasing popularity is that Google started programming low level parts of Android in the Rust language. -- Paul Jansen CEO TIOBE Software

The TIOBE Programming Community index is an indicator of the popularity of programming languages. The index is updated once a month. The ratings are based on the number of skilled engineers world-wide, courses and third party vendors. Popular search engines such as Google, Bing, Yahoo!, Wikipedia, Amazon, YouTube and Baidu are used to calculate the ratings. It is important to note that the TIOBE index is not about the best programming language or the language in which most lines of code have been written.

The index can be used to check whether your programming skills are still up to date or to make a strategic decision about what programming language should be adopted when starting to build a new software system. The definition of the TIOBE index can be found here.

Oct 2022	Oct 2021	Change	Programming Language	Ratings	Change
1	1			Python	17.08%	+5.81%
2	2			C	15.21%	+4.05%
3	3			Java	12.84%	+2.38%
4	4			C++	9.92%	+2.42%
5	5			C#	4.42%	-0.84%
6	6			Visual Basic	3.95%	-1.29%
7	7			JavaScript	2.74%	+0.55%
8	10			Assembly language	2.39%	+0.33%
9	9			PHP	2.04%	-0.06%
10	8			SQL	1.78%	-0.39%
11	12			Go	1.27%	-0.01%
12	14			R	1.22%	+0.03%
13	29			Objective-C	1.21%	+0.76%
14	13			MATLAB	1.18%	-0.02%
15	17			Swift	1.05%	-0.06%
16	16			Ruby	0.88%	-0.24%
17	11			Classic Visual Basic	0.87%	-0.96%
18	20			Delphi/Object Pascal	0.85%	-0.09%
19	18			Fortran	0.79%	-0.29%
20	26			Rust	0.70%	+0.17%

Other programming languages

The complete top 50 of programming languages is listed below. This overview is published unofficially, because it could be the case that we missed a language. If you have the impression there is a programming language lacking, please notify us at [email protected]. Please also check the overview of all programming languages that we monitor.

The Next 50 Programming Languages

The following list of languages denotes #51 to #100. Since the differences are relatively small, the programming languages are only listed (in alphabetical order).

• ActionScript, Apex, Awk, B4X, bc, Bourne shell, C shell, cg, CLIPS, Clojure, Common Lisp, Crystal, Elixir, Emacs Lisp, F#, Forth, Groovy, Hack, Icon, Inform, Io, J#, Korn shell, Ladder Logic, ML, MQL5, NATURAL, NXT-G, OCaml, OpenCL, OpenEdge ABL, Pike, PILOT, PostScript, Q, Racket, Raku, REXX, Ring, Simulink, Small Basic, Smalltalk, Snap!, SPARK, Stata, Tcl, Vala/Genie, VBScript, Verilog, WebAssembly

This Month's Changes in the Index

This month the following changes have been made to the definition of the index:

• David Heurtevent suggested to add the programming language Nix to the TIOBE index. Nix meets all requirements, so it has been added. The language debuts at position #250 of the index. Thanks David!

Very Long Term History

To see the bigger picture, please find below the positions of the top 10 programming languages of many years back. Please note that these are average positions for a period of 12 months.

There are 2 important remarks here:

• There is a difference between "Visual Basic" and "(Visual) Basic" in the table above. Until 2010, "(Visual) Basic" referred to all possible dialects of Basic, including Visual Basic. After some discussion, it has been decided to split "(Visual) Basic" into all its dialects such as Visual Basic .NET, Classic Visual Basic, PureBasic, and Small Basic, just to name a few. Since Visual Basic .NET has become the major implementation of Visual Basic, it is now called "Visual Basic".
• The programming language SQL has not been in the TIOBE index for a long time. In 2018, somebody pointed out that SQL is Turing Complete. From that moment on, SQL is part of the TIOBE index. So although this language is very old, it has only a short history in the index.

Programming Language Hall of Fame

The hall of fame listing all "Programming Language of the Year" award winners is shown below. The award is given to the programming language that has the highest rise in ratings in a year.

Year	Winner
2021	Python
2020	Python
2019	C
2018	Python
2017	C
2016	Go
2015	Java
2014	JavaScript
2013	Transact-SQL
2012	Objective-C
2011	Objective-C
2010	Python
2009	Go
2008	C
2007	Python
2006	Ruby
2005	Java
2004	PHP
2003	C++