(Bloomberg) -- Amazon.com Inc., Apple Inc. and Microsoft Corp. broke their lobbying spending records last year as they fended off heightened scrutiny of their business models and power over the US economy.

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Meta Platforms Inc. and Alphabet Inc.’s Google spent slightly less than previous years, but they both still landed among the top 10 spenders in Washington.

In total, the top tech companies spent nearly $70 million on lobbying in 2022, outstripping other industries including pharmaceuticals and oil and gas, according to a Bloomberg News tally of lobbying disclosures filed with Congress. The companies spent millions more on their wide array of trade groups, nonprofits and think tanks in Washington, but they aren’t required to disclose those numbers.

The heavy spending reflects how seriously the companies took the regulatory and legislative threats they were facing. Congress nearly passed landmark antitrust legislation that would have reined in their business practices, potentially costing them billions of dollars. Meanwhile, the Biden administration ramped up its scrutiny of the industry, with the Federal Trade Commission and Justice Department both suing and investigating the major tech companies.

Apple spent a total of $9.36 million in 2022, a dramatic increase that tops the $6.5 million the company spent in 2021. Amazon spent nearly $20 million, outpacing a previous high of $19 million. And Microsoft, which faced battles against the other tech giants as well as the FTC, spent almost $10 million, notching just slightly more than it spent at its last peak in 2013.

Amazon, Microsoft, Meta and Google spent slightly less on campaign contributions through their political action committees, or PACs, compared to the last election cycle, according to a review of year-end filings with the Federal Elections Commission released on Tuesday. Apple does not have its own PAC.