PyQt5系列教程(二十一)动态添加和移除布局中的控件.md

软硬件环境

• Windows 10 64bit
• Anaconda3 with python 3.7
• PyQt5

使用 Qt Designer 来设计界面，左侧是2个按钮，右侧是一个垂直布局 VerticalLayout，然后再使用一个水平布局，效果如下图

生成了 ui 文件，接着就可以进行代码转换了

pyuic5.bat -o ui.py project.ui

最后去写界面的业务逻辑，这里以上节中介绍过的画柱状图为例，2个按钮点击对应的槽函数，都是去展示柱状图，这部分代码是一样的。在第一次展示时，就需要将 QChartView 添加到布局 VerticalLayout 中，第二次点击时，就需要将原来绑定的控件先删除，然后再添加。

import sys
import random

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication
from PyQt5.QtChart import QChart, QChartView, QBarSet, QBarSeries, QBarCategoryAxis

from ui import Ui_MainWindow

class MainWindow(QMainWindow, Ui_MainWindow):

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(MainWindow, self).__init__(parent)
        self.setupUi(self)

        self.pushButton_1.clicked.connect(self.show_1)
        self.pushButton_2.clicked.connect(self.show_2)

    def show_1(self):
        set = QBarSet("Points")

        for i in range(7):
            # 随机7个样本数据
            set.append(random.randint(0, 100))

        # 若显示各部分所占百分比，用QPercentBarSeries
        series = QBarSeries()
        series.append(set)

        chart = QChart()
        chart.addSeries(series)
        chart.setTitle("一周数据展示")
        chart.setAnimationOptions(QChart.SeriesAnimations)
        chart.setTheme(QChart.ChartThemeDark)

        # 横轴数据
        categories = ["周一", "周二", "周三", "周四", "周五", "周六", "周日"]

        axis = QBarCategoryAxis()
        axis.append(categories)
        chart.createDefaultAxes()
        chart.setAxisX(axis, series)

        # 实例化chartview
        chartview = QChartView(chart)
        for i in range(self.verticalLayout.count()):
            self.verticalLayout.itemAt(i).widget().deleteLater()
        self.verticalLayout.addWidget(chartview)

    def show_2(self):
        set = QBarSet("Points")

        for i in range(7):
            # 随机7个样本数据
            set.append(random.randint(0, 100))

        # 若显示各部分所占百分比，用QPercentBarSeries
        series = QBarSeries()
        series.append(set)

        chart = QChart()
        chart.addSeries(series)
        chart.setTitle("一周数据展示")
        chart.setAnimationOptions(QChart.SeriesAnimations)
        chart.setTheme(QChart.ChartThemeDark)

        # 横轴数据
        categories = ["周一", "周二", "周三", "周四", "周五", "周六", "周日"]

        axis = QBarCategoryAxis()
        axis.append(categories)
        chart.createDefaultAxes()
        chart.setAxisX(axis, series)

        # 实例化chartview
        chartview = QChartView(chart)
        for i in range(self.verticalLayout.count()):
            self.verticalLayout.itemAt(i).widget().deleteLater()
        self.verticalLayout.addWidget(chartview)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    windows = MainWindow()
    windows.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

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