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Difference between objectForKey and valueForKey in NSDictionary

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source link: https://fann.im/blog/2012/04/12/difference-between-objectforkey-and-valueforkey-in-nsdictionary/
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Difference between objectForKey and valueForKey in NSDictionary

Apr 12, 2012

从 NSDictionary 取值的时候有两个方法,objectForKey:valueForKey:,这两个方法具体有什么不同呢?

先从 NSDictionary 文档中来看这两个方法的定义:

objectForKey: returns the value associated with aKey, or nil if no value is associated with aKey. 返回指定 key 的 value,若没有这个 key 返回 nil.

valueForKey: returns the value associated with a given key. 同样是返回指定 key 的 value。

直观上看这两个方法好像没有什么区别,但文档里 valueForKey: 有额外一点:

If key does not start with “@”, invokes objectForKey:. If key does start with “@”, strips the “@” and invokes [super valueForKey:] with the rest of the key. via Discussion

一般来说 key 可以是任意字符串组合,如果 key 不是以 @ 符号开头,这时候 valueForKey: 等同于 objectForKey:,如果是以 @ 开头,去掉 key 里的 @ 然后用剩下部分作为 key 执行 [super valueForKey:]

NSDictionary *dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"theValue"
                                                 forKey:@"theKey"];
NSString *value1 = [dict objectForKey:@"theKey"];
NSString *value2 = [dict valueForKey:@"theKey"];

这时候 value1value2 是一样的结果。如果是这样一个 dict:

NSDictionary *dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"theValue"
                                                 forKey:@"@theKey"];// 注意这个 key 是以 @ 开头
NSString *value1 = [dict objectForKey:@"@theKey"];
NSString *value2 = [dict valueForKey:@"@theKey"];

value1 可以正确取值,但是 value2 取值会直接 crash 掉,报错信息:

Terminating app due to uncaught exception ‘NSUnknownKeyException’, reason: ‘[<__NSCFDictionary 0x892fd80> valueForUndefinedKey:]: this class is not key value coding-compliant for the key theKey.’

这是因为 valueForKey:KVC(NSKeyValueCoding) 的方法,在 KVC 里可以通过 property 同名字符串来获取对应的值。比如:

@interface Person : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSString *name;
@end

...
Person *person = [[Person alloc] init];
person.name = @"fannheyward";

NSLog(@"name:%@", [person name]);
//name:fannheyward
NSLog(@"name:%@", [person valueForKey:@"name"]);
//name:fannheyward
[person release];

valueForKey: 取值是找和指定 key 同名的 property accessor,没有的时候执行 valueForUndefinedKey:,而 valueForUndefinedKey: 的默认实现是抛出 NSUndefinedKeyException 异常。参考Getting Attribute Values Using Key-Value Coding

回过头来看刚才 crash 的例子, [dict valueForKey:@"@theKey"]; 会把 key 里的 @ 去掉,也就变成了 ` [dict valueForKey:@”theKey”];,而 dict 不存在 theKey 这样的 property,转而执行 [dict valueForUndefinedKey:@”theKey”];,抛出 NSUndefinedKeyException` 异常后 crash 掉。

objectForKey:valueForKey: 在多数情况下都是一样的结果返回,但是如果 key 是以 @ 开头,valueForKey: 就成了一个大坑,建议在 NSDictionary 下只用 objectForKey: 来取值。

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