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springAlibaba实践(12)----网关配置
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springAlibaba实践(12)----网关配置
发送请求需要知道商品服务的地址，如果商品服务器有100服务器，1号掉线后，
还得改，所以需要网关动态地管理，他能从注册中心中实时地感知某个服务上
线还是下线。
请求也要加上询问权限，看用户有没有权限访问这个请求，也需要网关。
所以我们使用spring cloud的gateway组件做网关功能。
网关是请求浏览的入口，常用功能包括路由转发，权限校验，限流控制等。springcloud gateway取代了zuul网关。
三大核心概念：
Route: The basic building block of the gateway. It is defined by an ID, a
destination URI, a collection of predicates断言, and a collection of filters.
A route is matched if the aggregate predicate is true.
发一个请求给网关，网关要将请求路由到指定的服务。
路由有id，
目的地uri，
断言的集合，
匹配了断言就能到达指定位置，
路由有id，
目的地uri，
断言的集合，
匹配了断言就能到达指定位置，
Predicate断言:
This is a Java 8 Function Predicate. The input type is a Spring
This is a Java 8 Function Predicate. The input type is a Spring
Framework ServerWebExchange. This lets you match on anything from the
HTTP request, such as headers or parameters.就是java里的断言函数，匹配请求里的任何信息，包括请求头等
Filter:
These are instances of Spring Framework GatewayFilter that have been
These are instances of Spring Framework GatewayFilter that have been
constructed with a specific factory. Here, you can modify requests and
responses before or after sending the downstream request.
过滤器请求和响应都可以被修改。
客户端发请求给服务端。中间有网关。先交给映射器，如果能处理就交给handler
处理，然后交给一系列filer，然后给指定的服务，再返回回来给客户端。
12.1 创建模块gulimall-gateway
<dependency>
<groupId>com.zyn.glmall</groupId>
<artifactId>glmall-common</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<groupId>com.zyn.glmall</groupId>
<artifactId>glmall-common</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
1 在pom.xml引入
版本环境需保持一致
<spring-boot.version>2.1.8.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR3</spring-cloud.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR3</spring-cloud.version>
2 开启注册服务发现@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication(exclude = {DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class})
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class GulimallGatewayApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(GulimallGatewayApplication.class, args);
}
}
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class GulimallGatewayApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(GulimallGatewayApplication.class, args);
}
}
3 配置nacos注册中心地址applicaion.properties
spring.application.name=glmall-gateway
spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr=192.168.11.1:8848
server.port=88
spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr=192.168.11.1:8848
server.port=88
4 bootstrap.properties 填写配置中心地址
spring.application.name=glmall-coupon
spring.cloud.nacos.config.server-addr=192.168.11.1:8848
spring.cloud.nacos.config.namespace=a791fa0e-cef8-47ee-8f07-5ac5a63ea061
spring.cloud.nacos.config.server-addr=192.168.11.1:8848
spring.cloud.nacos.config.namespace=a791fa0e-cef8-47ee-8f07-5ac5a63ea061
5 nacos里创建命名空间gateway，然后在命名空间里创建文件glmall-gateway.yml
spring:
application:
name: glmall-gateway
application:
name: glmall-gateway
6 在项目里创建application.yml
spring:
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: baidu_route
uri: http://www.baidu.com
predicates:
- Query=url,baidu
- id: test_route
uri: http://www.qq.com
predicates:
- Query=url,qq
cloud:
gateway:
routes:
- id: baidu_route
uri: http://www.baidu.com
predicates:
- Query=url,baidu
- id: test_route
uri: http://www.qq.com
predicates:
- Query=url,qq
测试 localhost:8080?url=baidu # 跳到百度页面
测试 localhost:8080?url=baidu # 跳到qq页面
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