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Automatic Indexing: Deferred Invalidations (“The Post War Dream”)

 3 years ago
source link: https://richardfoote.wordpress.com/2022/04/19/automatic-indexing-deferred-invalidations-the-post-war-dream/
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Automatic Indexing: Deferred Invalidations (“The Post War Dream”) April 19, 2022

Posted by Richard Foote in 21c New Features, Automatic Indexing, Autonomous Database, Autonomous Transaction Processing, CBO, Deferred Invalidation, Exadata, Function Based Indexes, Index Access Path, Index Internals, JSON, Oracle, Oracle Blog, Oracle Cloud, Oracle Cost Based Optimizer, Oracle Indexes, Richard's Blog.
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In my previous post on how JSON expressions can now be automatically indexed, I mentioned there was an outstanding issue with the associated CBO execution plan, immediately post the creation of the automatic index:

SQL> select * from bowie_json where json_value(bowie_order, '$.PONumber')='42';
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 832017402
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation                           | Name                 | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU) | Time     |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|  0 | SELECT STATEMENT                    |                      | 20000 |   12M |    1524 (1) | 00:00:01 |
|  1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID BATCHED | BOWIE_JSON           | 20000 |   12M |    1524 (1) | 00:00:01 |
|* 2 | INDEX RANGE SCAN                    | SYS_AI_ayvj257jd93cv | 8000  |       |       3 (0) | 00:00:01 |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
2 - access(JSON_VALUE("BOWIE_ORDER" /*+ LOB_BY_VALUE */ FORMAT OSON , '$.PONumber' RETURNING
VARCHAR2(4000) ERROR ON ERROR NULL ON EMPTY)='42')
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
0 recursive calls
0 db block gets
234168 consistent gets
200279 physical reads
0 redo size
1595 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
526 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
3 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
0 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
1 rows processed

If we look at the number of recursive calls, we notice that it remains at 0. If we look at both the number of consistent gets (234168) and physical reads (200279), they both remain very high and identical to that of the previous Full Table Scan plan.

Basically, although autotrace suggests the newly created automatic index is being used, in fact the previous Full Table Scan plan is still being invoked.  (Note: this of course is one of the dangers of the autotrace plan, in that it might not display the actual plan being invoked).

So what’s going on here?

The Oracle Database 21c New Features Guide makes the following point: “an enhancement has been introduced to reduce the overhead of cursor invalidations when a new automatic index is created”.

Oracle 12.2 introduced a new feature in which one can now defer the invalidation of dependent SQL cursors when an index is created or modified. I’ve of course discussed this previously in this 12.2 Index Deferred Invalidation post.

When an automatic index is created in 21c, the current SQL cursors are NOT invalidated (to reduce the overhead of having to potentially reparse of large number of current SQL cursors). However, this means that currently inefficient SQL statements will keep their existing sub-optimal execution plans post the creation of newly created automatic indexes, until the existing SQL cursors aged out.

At which point, the new CBO plan using the automatic index will actually be invoked:

SQL> select * from bowie_json where json_value(bowie_order, '$.PONumber')='42';
Execution Plan
----------------------------------------------------------
Plan hash value: 832017402
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation                           | Name                 | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU) |  Time     |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|  0 | SELECT STATEMENT                    |                      |    1 |   671 |       4 (0) |  00:00:01 |
|  1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID BATCHED | BOWIE_JSON           |    1 |   671 |       4 (0) |  00:00:01 |
|* 2 | INDEX RANGE SCAN                    | SYS_AI_ayvj257jd93cv |    1 |       |       3 (0) |  00:00:01 |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
2 - access(JSON_VALUE("BOWIE_ORDER" /*+ LOB_BY_VALUE */ FORMAT OSON , '$.PONumber' RETURNING
VARCHAR2(4000) ERROR ON ERROR NULL ON EMPTY)='42')
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
30 recursive calls
0 db block gets
46 consistent gets
11 physical reads
0 redo size
1595 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
526 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
3 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
0 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
1 rows processed

So just be aware in Oracle Database 21c that your beautifully created automatic indexes may not actually get used as desired for a period of time…


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