django源码阅读笔记

Open edX的后端采用Django来写，Django是一个大而全的web框架，许多地方和Rails相似

Open edX对Django框架做了大量的改造，对其特性的应用也是十分全面。由于时常需要去hack Open edX，以至于不得不深入到Django源码本身，读别人的源码，和大多事情一样，都符合万事开头难的规律，深入之后，其乐无穷.

初极狭，才通人，复行数十步，豁然开朗

Open edX的最新稳定版所依赖的Django版本为1.8.7，所以我主要阅读的也是这个版本的源码:Django 1.8.7

下面下阅读过程一些值得记录的地方记下来

#django-admin 安装django后，我们会获得一个命令行工具django-admin，用于创建django项目和djangoapp

这主要是通过entry_points实现

:::text
entry_points={'console_scripts': [
        'django-admin = django.core.management:execute_from_command_line',
    ]},

通过entry_points,我们可以将python函数注册到系统，这对于用python写系统应用十分有用

#request 首先来看看HttpRequest

        self.GET = QueryDict(mutable=True)
        self.POST = QueryDict(mutable=True)

###QueryDict request的两个GET和POST属性是QueryDict. QueryDict集成自MultiValueDict

MultiValueDict来自django/django/utils/datastructures.py,是django为自身打造的一种抽象数据结构，这个抽象数据结构主要是为了解决这个问题

This class exists to solve the irritating problem raised by cgi.parse_qs,which returns a list for every key, even though most Web forms submitsingle name-value pairs.

###MultiPartParser MultiPartParser类的主要作用是：

Multi-part parsing for file uploads.

---

更多的可用属性和方法参考:Request and response objects

#response HttpResponse

An HTTP response class with a string as content. This content that can be read, appended to or replaced.

###JsonResponse django/django/http/response.py JsonResponse

:::text
class JsonResponse(HttpResponse):
		...
        kwargs.setdefault('content_type', 'application/json')
        data = json.dumps(data, cls=encoder)
        super(JsonResponse, self).__init__(content=data, **kwargs)

#middleware

Middleware is a framework of hooks into Django’s request/response processing. It’s a light, low-level “plugin” system for globally altering Django’s input or output.

我们关注一下几个middleware

    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',

###SessionMiddleware

#####process_request

	
    def __init__(self):
        engine = import_module(settings.SESSION_ENGINE)
        self.SessionStore = engine.SessionStore
    def process_request(self, request):
        session_key = request.COOKIES.get(settings.SESSION_COOKIE_NAME)
        request.session = self.SessionStore(session_key)

#####process_response

process_response() is called on all responses before they’re returned to the browser.

                        response.set_cookie(settings.SESSION_COOKIE_NAME,
                                request.session.session_key, max_age=max_age,
                                expires=expires, domain=settings.SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN,
                                path=settings.SESSION_COOKIE_PATH,
                                secure=settings.SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE or None,
                                httponly=settings.SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY or None)

###CommonMiddleware 使用条件分支来过滤非法客户端

        if 'HTTP_USER_AGENT' in request.META:
            for user_agent_regex in settings.DISALLOWED_USER_AGENTS:
                if user_agent_regex.search(request.META['HTTP_USER_AGENT']):
                    logger.warning('Forbidden (User agent): %s', request.path,
                        extra={
                            'status_code': 403,
                            'request': request
                        }
                    )
                    return http.HttpResponseForbidden('<h1>Forbidden</h1>')

ETag header的处理也在CommonMiddleware

###CsrfViewMiddleware #####process_view

        if getattr(callback, 'csrf_exempt', False):
            return None

callback come from def process_view(self, request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs):,callback是装饰器？

###AuthenticationMiddleware #####process_request

    def process_request(self, request):
        assert hasattr(request, 'session'), (
            "The Django authentication middleware requires session middleware "
            "to be installed. Edit your MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES setting to insert "
            "'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware' before "
            "'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware'."
        )
        request.user = SimpleLazyObject(lambda: get_user(request))

注意断言（assert）的使用，这里设置了request.user,并且

The Django authentication middleware requires session middleware

###get_user get_user

#backends ###ModelBackend By default, AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS is set to: ['django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend']

###CASBackend look at CASBackend

#storage system

###qiniu