Thursday, September 17, 2020

Reduce Repetitive Code in Spring MVC Controllers

After spending some time doing sustained engineering (a.k.a. maintaining legacy code), I ventured to reduce repetitive code in Spring MVC @Controllers. I started with an abstract base controller class. But I soon found out that it was a dead-end because @RequestMapping is not inherited from (or combined with) parent classes and/or interfaces (see Spring MVC @RequestMapping Inheritance).

With some free time to further think about this, I took different approach.

@Controller

public class RepositoryCrudController {

private final Repositories repositories;

private final RepositoryInvokerFactory repositoryInvokerFactory;

// ...

@RequestMapping("/{repository}")

String index(@PathVariable("repository") String repositoryKey,

Pageable pageable, Model model) {

// ... (only if repository has findAll(Pageable) method)

return repositoryKey + "/index";

}

@GetMapping("/{repository}/{id}")

String show(@PathVariable("repository") String repositoryKey,

@PathVariable("id") Object id, Model model) {

// ... (only if repository has findById method)

return repositoryKey + "/show";

}

@GetMapping(path = "/{repository}", param = "create")

String create(...) {

// ... (only if repository has save method)

return repositoryKey + "/create";

}

@PostMapping("/{repository}")

String save(...) {

// ... (only if repository has save method)

return "redirect:/" + repositoryKey + "/{id}";

}

@GetMapping(path = "/{repository}/{id}", param = "edit")

// ... edit (only if repository has findById and save methods)

@PutMapping("/{repository}/{id}")

// ... update (only if repository has save method)

// @DeleteMapping("/{repository}/{id}")

// ... delete (only if repository has deleteById method)

}

This approach is largely inspired by RepositoryEntityController of Spring Data REST.

Instead of defining an abstract base controller class, I created a concrete controller class with the default (or repetitive) behavior. The default behavior relies on invoking methods on Spring Data repositories.

For custom controllers, instead of creating subclasses (of the abstract base class), the controller can simply define handler methods that behave differently. For example:

@Entity

public class Article {...}

// Spring Data JPA

public interface ArticleRepository extends CrudRepository<Article, ...> {...}

@Controller

@RequestMapping("/articles")

public class ArticlesController {

// no need for index() handler method

// just set-up "articles/index" view

// no need for show() handler method

// just set-up "articles/show" view

@GetMapping(param = "create")

String create(Model model) {

// Do something that is _not_ *default* behavior

// e.g. provide options for dropdowns, or use form-backing object/JavaBean

// ...

return "articles/create";

}

// no need for save() handler method

// just set-up "articles/show" view

@GetMapping(path = "/{id}", param = "edit")

String edit(@PathVariable("id") ... id, Model model) {

// Do something that is _not_ *default* behavior

// e.g. provide options for dropdowns, or use form-backing object/JavaBean

// ...

return "articles/edit";

}

// no need for update() handler method

// just set-up "articles/show" view

}

The above will work because Spring MVC chooses the more specific mapping first. When a GET /articles?create request is received, the ArticlesController will be chosen to handle it (and not RepositoryCrudController). But if ArticlesController handler methods were not defined, the GET /articles?create request would have been handled by the RepositoryCrudController.

With this simple fall-back controller that has the default behavior, developers (team mates) can then focus on the domain, creating views, or creating controllers with custom behavior (e.g. Ajax, Server-generated JavaScript Responses).

That's all for now.

Reduce Repetitive Code in Spring MVC Controllers

Reduce Repetitive Code in Spring MVC Controllers

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