4
硬核！4.5万字手把手教你搭建MySQL海量数据存储架构！！（全程实战，建议收藏）
source link: https://blog.csdn.net/l1028386804/article/details/117740163
Go to the source link to view the article. You can view the picture content, updated content and better typesetting reading experience. If the link is broken, please click the button below to view the snapshot at that time.
大家好，我是冰河~~
MySQL数据库到底能存储多少数据呢？很多小伙伴可能会觉得MySQL数据库存储的数据量不大，不能支撑起大数据量的存储与读写性能。实则不然，只要架构设计得当，MySQL其实完全可以存储海量数据，并且在海量数据的存储下提供良好的读写性能。
好啦，今天我们就一起实现使用MySQL存储海量数据。
小伙伴们如果觉得文章不错，点赞、收藏、评论，分享走一起呀，记得给冰河来个一键三连~~
业界对系统的高可用有着基本的要求，简单的说，这些要求可以总结为如下所示。
-
系统架构中不存在单点问题。
-
可以最大限度的保障服务的可用性。
一般情况下系统的高可用可以用几个9来评估。所谓的几个9就是系统可以保证对外提供的服务的时间达到总时间的百分比。例如如果需要达到99.99的高可用，则系统全年发生故障的总时间不能超过52分钟。
系统高可用架构
我们既然需要实现系统的高可用架构，那么，我们到底需要搭建一个什么样的系统架构呢？我们可以将需要搭建的系统架构简化成下图所示。
服务器规划
由于我电脑资源有限，我这里在4台服务器上搭建高可用环境，大家可以按照本文将环境扩展到更多的服务器，搭建步骤都是一样的。
主机名IP地址安装的服务binghe151192.168.175.151Mycat、Zookeeper、MySQL、HAProxy、Keepalived、Xinetdbinghe152192.168.175.152Zookeeper、MySQLbinghe153192.168.175.153Zookeeper、MySQLbinghe154192.168.175.154Mycat、MySQL、HAProxy、Keepalived、Xinetdbinghe155192.168.175.155MySQL
注意：HAProxy和Keepalived最好和Mycat部署在同一台服务器上。
安装MySQL
小伙伴们可以关注【冰河技术】微信公众号，参考《MySQL之——源码编译MySQL8.x+升级gcc+升级cmake（亲测完整版）》
安装JDK
由于Mycat和Zookeeper的运行需要JDK环境的支持，所有我们需要在每台服务器上安装JDK环境。
这里，我以在binghe151服务器上安装JDK为例，其他服务器的安装方式与在binghe151服务器上的安装方式相同。安装步骤如下所示。
（1）到JDK官网下载JDK 1.8版本，JDK1.8的下载地址为：https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html。
注：我下载的JDK安装包版本为：jdk-8u212-linux-x64.tar.gz，如果JDK版本已更新，大家下载对应的版本即可。
（2）将下载的jdk-8u212-linux-x64.tar.gz安装包上传到binghe151服务器的/usr/local/src目录下。
（3）解压jdk-8u212-linux-x64.tar.gz文件，如下所示。
tar -zxvf jdk-8u212-linux-x64.tar.gz
（4）将解压的jdk1.8.0_212目录移动到binghe151服务器下的/usr/local目录下，如下所示。
mv jdk1.8.0_212/ /usr/local/src/
（5）配置JDK系统环境变量，如下所示。
vim /etc/profile
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_212
CLASS_PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib
PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export JAVA_HOME CLASS_PATH PATH
使系统环境变量生效，如下所示。
source /etc/profile
（6）查看JDK版本，如下所示。
[root@binghe151 ~]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_212"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_212-b10)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.212-b10, mixed mode)
结果显示，正确输出了JDK的版本信息，说明JDK安装成功。
安装Mycat
下载Mycat 1.6.7.4 Release版本，解压到服务器的/usr/local/mycat目录下，并配置Mycat的系统环境变量，随后，配置Mycat的配置文件，Mycat的最终结果配置如下所示。
- schema.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="shop" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="1000">
<!--<table name="order_master" primaryKey="order_id" dataNode = "ordb"/>-->
<table name="order_master" primaryKey="order_id" dataNode = "orderdb01,orderdb02,orderdb03,orderdb04" rule="order_master" autoIncrement="true">
<childTable name="order_detail" primaryKey="order_detail_id" joinKey="order_id" parentKey="order_id" autoIncrement="true"/>
</table>
<table name="order_cart" primaryKey="cart_id" dataNode = "ordb"/>
<table name="order_customer_addr" primaryKey="customer_addr_id" dataNode = "ordb"/>
<table name="region_info" primaryKey="region_id" dataNode = "ordb,prodb,custdb" type="global"/>
<table name="serial" primaryKey="id" dataNode = "ordb"/>
<table name="shipping_info" primaryKey="ship_id" dataNode = "ordb"/>
<table name="warehouse_info" primaryKey="w_id" dataNode = "ordb"/>
<table name="warehouse_proudct" primaryKey="wp_id" dataNode = "ordb"/>
<table name="product_brand_info" primaryKey="brand_id" dataNode = "prodb"/>
<table name="product_category" primaryKey="category_id" dataNode = "prodb"/>
<table name="product_comment" primaryKey="comment_id" dataNode = "prodb"/>
<table name="product_info" primaryKey="product_id" dataNode = "prodb"/>
<table name="product_pic_info" primaryKey="product_pic_id" dataNode = "prodb"/>
<table name="product_supplier_info" primaryKey="supplier_id" dataNode = "prodb"/>
<table name="customer_balance_log" primaryKey="balance_id" dataNode = "custdb"/>
<table name="customer_inf" primaryKey="customer_inf_id" dataNode = "custdb"/>
<table name="customer_level_inf" primaryKey="customer_level" dataNode = "custdb"/>
<table name="customer_login" primaryKey="customer_id" dataNode = "custdb"/>
<table name="customer_login_log" primaryKey="login_id" dataNode = "custdb"/>
<table name="customer_point_log" primaryKey="point_id" dataNode = "custdb"/>
</schema>
<dataNode name="mycat" dataHost="binghe151" database="mycat" />
<dataNode name="ordb" dataHost="binghe152" database="order_db" />
<dataNode name="prodb" dataHost="binghe153" database="product_db" />
<dataNode name="custdb" dataHost="binghe154" database="customer_db" />
<dataNode name="orderdb01" dataHost="binghe152" database="orderdb01" />
<dataNode name="orderdb02" dataHost="binghe152" database="orderdb02" />
<dataNode name="orderdb03" dataHost="binghe153" database="orderdb03" />
<dataNode name="orderdb04" dataHost="binghe153" database="orderdb04" />
<dataHost name="binghe151" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"
writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="binghe51" url="192.168.175.151:3306" user="mycat" password="mycat"/>
</dataHost>
<dataHost name="binghe152" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"
writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="binghe52" url="192.168.175.152:3306" user="mycat" password="mycat"/>
</dataHost>
<dataHost name="binghe153" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"
writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="binghe53" url="192.168.175.153:3306" user="mycat" password="mycat"/>
</dataHost>
<dataHost name="binghe154" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"
writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="binghe54" url="192.168.175.154:3306" user="mycat" password="mycat"/>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
- server.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:server SYSTEM "server.dtd">
<mycat:server xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<system>
<property name="useHandshakeV10">1</property>
<property name="defaultSqlParser">druidparser</property>
<property name="serverPort">3307</property>
<property name="managerPort">3308</property>
<property name="nonePasswordLogin">0</property>
<property name="bindIp">0.0.0.0</property>
<property name="charset">utf8mb4</property>
<property name="frontWriteQueueSize">2048</property>
<property name="txIsolation">2</property>
<property name="processors">2</property>
<property name="idleTimeout">1800000</property>
<property name="sqlExecuteTimeout">300</property>
<property name="useSqlStat">0</property>
<property name="useGlobleTableCheck">0</property>
<property name="sequenceHandlerType">1</property>
<property name="defaultMaxLimit">1000</property>
<property name="maxPacketSize">104857600</property>
<property name="sqlInterceptor">
io.mycat.server.interceptor.impl.StatisticsSqlInterceptor
</property>
<property name="sqlInterceptorType">
UPDATE,DELETE,INSERT
</property>
<property name="sqlInterceptorFile">/tmp/sql.txt</property>
</system>
<firewall>
<whitehost>
<host user="mycat" host="192.168.175.151"></host>
</whitehost>
<blacklist check="true">
<property name="noneBaseStatementAllow">true</property>
<property name="deleteWhereNoneCheck">true</property>
</blacklist>
</firewall>
<user name="mycat" defaultAccount="true">
<property name="usingDecrypt">1</property>
<property name="password">cTwf23RrpBCEmalp/nx0BAKenNhvNs2NSr9nYiMzHADeEDEfwVWlI6hBDccJjNBJqJxnunHFp5ae63PPnMfGYA==</property>
<property name="schemas">shop</property>
</user>
</mycat:server>
- rule.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:rule SYSTEM "rule.dtd">
<mycat:rule xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<tableRule name="order_master">
<rule>
<columns>customer_id</columns>
<algorithm>mod-long</algorithm>
</rule>
</tableRule>
<function name="mod-long" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMod">
<property name="count">4</property>
</function>
</mycat:rule>
- sequence_db_conf.properties
#sequence stored in datanode
GLOBAL=mycat
ORDER_MASTER=mycat
ORDER_DETAIL=mycat
关于Mycat的配置，仅供大家参考，大家不一定非要按照我这里配置，根据自身业务需要配置即可。本文的重点是实现Mycat的高可用环境搭建。
在MySQL中创建Mycat连接MySQL的账户，如下所示。
CREATE USER 'mycat'@'192.168.175.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'mycat';
ALTER USER 'mycat'@'192.168.175.%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'mycat';
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE,EXECUTE ON *.* TO 'mycat'@'192.168.175.%';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
安装Zookeeper集群
安装配置完JDK后，就需要搭建Zookeeper集群了，根据对服务器的规划，现将Zookeeper集群搭建在“binghe151”、“binghe152”、“binghe153”三台服务器上。
1.下载Zookeeper
到Apache官网去下载Zookeeper的安装包，Zookeeper的安装包下载地址为：https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/zookeeper/。具体如下图所示。
也可以在binghe151服务器上执行如下命令直接下载zookeeper-3.5.5。
wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.5.5/apache-zookeeper-3.5.5-bin.tar.gz
执行上述命令就可以直接把apache-zookeeper-3.5.5-bin.tar.gz安装包下载到binghe151服务器上。
2.安装并配置Zookeeper
注意：（1）、（2）、（3）步都是在binghe152服务器上执行的。
（1）解压Zookeeper安装包
在binghe151服务器上执行如下命令，将Zookeeper解压到“/usr/local/”目录下，并将Zookeeper目录修改为zookeeper-3.5.5。
tar -zxvf apache-zookeeper-3.5.5-bin.tar.gz
mv apache-zookeeper-3.5.5-bin zookeeper-3.5.5
（2）配置Zookeeper系统环境变量
同样，需要在/etc/profile文件中配置Zookeeper系统环境变量，如下：
ZOOKEEPER_HOME=/usr/local/zookeeper-3.5.5
PATH=$ZOOKEEPER_HOME/bin:$PATH
export ZOOKEEPER_HOME PATH
结合之前配置的JDK系统环境变量，/etc/profile，总体配置如下：
MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_212
MYCAT_HOME=/usr/local/mycat
ZOOKEEPER_HOME=/usr/local/zookeeper-3.5.5
MPC_HOME=/usr/local/mpc-1.1.0
GMP_HOME=/usr/local/gmp-6.1.2
MPFR_HOME=/usr/local/mpfr-4.0.2
CLASS_PATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$MPC_LIB_HOME/lib:$GMP_HOME/lib:$MPFR_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
PATH=$MYSQL_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$ZOOKEEPER_HOME/bin:$MYCAT_HOME/bin:$PATH
export JAVA_HOME ZOOKEEPER_HOME MYCAT_HOME CLASS_PATH MYSQL_HOME MPC_LIB_HOME GMP_HOME MPFR_HOME LD_LIBRARY_PATH PATH
（3）配置Zookeeper
首先，需要将$ZOOKEEPER_HOME/conf（$ZOOKEEPER_HOME为Zookeeper的安装目录）目录下的zoo_sample.cfg文件修改为zoo.cfg文件。具体命令如下：
cd /usr/local/zookeeper-3.5.5/conf/
mv zoo_sample.cfg zoo.cfg
接下来修改zoo.cfg文件，修改后的具体内容如下：
tickTime=2000
initLimit=10
syncLimit=5
dataDir=/usr/local/zookeeper-3.5.5/data
dataLogDir=/usr/local/zookeeper-3.5.5/dataLog
clientPort=2181
server.1=binghe151:2888:3888
server.2=binghe152:2888:3888
server.3=binghe153:2888:3888
在Zookeeper的安装目录下创建data和dataLog两个文件夹。
mkdir -p /usr/local/zookeeper-3.5.5/data
mkdir -p /usr/local/zookeeper-3.5.5/dataLog
切换到新建的data目录下，创建myid文件，具体内容为数字1，如下所示：
cd /usr/local/zookeeper-3.5.5/data
vim myid
将数字1写入到文件myid。
3.将Zookeeper和系统环境变量文件复制到其他服务器
注意：（1）、（2）步是在binghe151服务器上执行的。
（1）复制Zookeeper到其他服务器
根据对服务器的规划，现将Zookeeper复制到binghe152和binghe53服务器，具体执行操作如下所示：
scp -r /usr/local/zookeeper-3.5.5/ binghe152:/usr/local/
scp -r /usr/local/zookeeper-3.5.5/ binghe153:/usr/local/
（2）复制系统环境变量文件到其他服务器
根据对服务器的规划，现将系统环境变量文件/etc/profile复制到binghe152、binghe153服务器，具体执行操作如下所示：
scp /etc/profile binghe152:/etc/
scp /etc/profile binghe153:/etc/
上述操作可能会要求输入密码，根据提示输入密码即可。
4.修改其他服务器上的myid文件
修改binghe152服务器上Zookeeper的myid文件内容为数字2，同时修改binghe153服务器上Zookeeper的myid文件内容为数字3。具体如下：
在binghe152服务器上执行如下操作：
echo "2" > /usr/local/zookeeper-3.5.5/data/myid
cat /usr/local/zookeeper-3.5.5/data/myid
2
在binghe153服务器上执行如下操作：
echo "3" > /usr/local/zookeeper-3.5.5/data/myid
cat /usr/local/zookeeper-3.5.5/data/myid
3
5.使环境变量生效
分别在binghe151、binghe152、binghe153上执行如下操作，使系统环境变量生效。
source /etc/profile
6.启动Zookeeper集群
分别在binghe151、binghe152、binghe153上执行如下操作，启动Zookeeper集群。
zkServer.sh start
7.查看Zookeeper集群的启动状态
- binghe151服务器
[root@binghe151 ~]# zkServer.sh status
ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default
Using config: /usr/local/zookeeper-3.5.5/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Client port found: 2181. Client address: localhost.
Mode: follower
- binghe152服务器
[root@binghe152 local]# zkServer.sh status
ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default
Using config: /usr/local/zookeeper-3.5.5/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Client port found: 2181. Client address: localhost.
Mode: leader
- binghe153服务器
[root@binghe153 ~]# zkServer.sh status
ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default
Using config: /usr/local/zookeeper-3.5.5/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg
Client port found: 2181. Client address: localhost.
Mode: follower
可以看到，binghe151和binghe153服务器上的Zookeeper角色为follower，binghe152服务器上的Zookeeper角色为leader。
初始化Mycat配置到Zookeeper集群
注意：初始化Zookeeper中的数据，是在binghe151服务器上进行的，原因是之前我们已经在binghe151服务器上安装了Mycat。
1.查看初始化脚本
在Mycat安装目录下的bin目录中提供了一个init_zk_data.sh脚本文件，如下所示。
[root@binghe151 ~]# ll /usr/local/mycat/bin/
total 384
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3658 Feb 26 17:10 dataMigrate.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1272 Feb 26 17:10 init_zk_data.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 15701 Feb 28 20:51 mycat
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2986 Feb 26 17:10 rehash.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2526 Feb 26 17:10 startup_nowrap.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 140198 Feb 28 20:51 wrapper-linux-ppc-64
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 99401 Feb 28 20:51 wrapper-linux-x86-32
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 111027 Feb 28 20:51 wrapper-linux-x86-64
init_zk_data.sh脚本文件就是用来向Zookeeper中初始化Mycat的配置的，这个文件会通过读取Mycat安装目录下的conf目录下的配置文件，将其初始化到Zookeeper集群中。
2.复制Mycat配置文件
首先，我们查看下Mycat安装目录下的conf目录下的文件信息，如下所示。
[root@binghe151 ~]# cd /usr/local/mycat/conf/
[root@binghe151 conf]# ll
total 108
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 92 Feb 26 17:10 autopartition-long.txt
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 51 Feb 26 17:10 auto-sharding-long.txt
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 67 Feb 26 17:10 auto-sharding-rang-mod.txt
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 340 Feb 26 17:10 cacheservice.properties
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3338 Feb 26 17:10 dbseq.sql
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3532 Feb 26 17:10 dbseq - utf8mb4.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 86 Mar 1 22:37 dnindex.properties
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 446 Feb 26 17:10 ehcache.xml
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 2454 Feb 26 17:10 index_to_charset.properties
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1285 Feb 26 17:10 log4j2.xml
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 183 Feb 26 17:10 migrateTables.properties
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 271 Feb 26 17:10 myid.properties
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Feb 26 17:10 partition-hash-int.txt
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 108 Feb 26 17:10 partition-range-mod.txt
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 988 Mar 1 16:59 rule.xml
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3883 Mar 3 23:59 schema.xml
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 440 Feb 26 17:10 sequence_conf.properties
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 84 Mar 3 23:52 sequence_db_conf.properties
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 29 Feb 26 17:10 sequence_distributed_conf.properties
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 Feb 26 17:10 sequence_http_conf.properties
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 53 Feb 26 17:10 sequence_time_conf.properties
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 2420 Mar 4 15:14 server.xml
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 Feb 26 17:10 sharding-by-enum.txt
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4251 Feb 28 20:51 wrapper.conf
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 Feb 28 21:17 zkconf
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 Feb 28 21:17 zkdownload
接下来，将Mycat安装目录下的conf目录下的schema.xml文件、server.xml文件、rule.xml文件和sequence_db_conf.properties文件复制到conf目录下的zkconf目录下，如下所示。
cp schema.xml server.xml rule.xml sequence_db_conf.properties zkconf/
3.将Mycat配置信息写入Zookeeper集群
执行init_zk_data.sh脚本文件，向Zookeeper集群中初始化配置信息，如下所示。
[root@binghe151 bin]# /usr/local/mycat/bin/init_zk_data.sh
o2020-03-08 20:03:13 INFO JAVA_CMD=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_212/bin/java
o2020-03-08 20:03:13 INFO Start to initialize /mycat of ZooKeeper
o2020-03-08 20:03:14 INFO Done
根据以上信息得知，Mycat向Zookeeper写入初始化配置信息成功。
4.验证Mycat配置信息是否成功写入Mycat
我们可以使用Zookeeper的客户端命令zkCli.sh 登录Zookeeper来验证Mycat的配置信息是否成功写入Mycat。
首先，登录Zookeeper，如下所示。
[root@binghe151 ~]# zkCli.sh
Connecting to localhost:2181
###################此处省略N行输出######################
Welcome to ZooKeeper!
WATCHER::
WatchedEvent state:SyncConnected type:None path:null
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0]
接下来，在Zookeeper命令行查看mycat的信息，如下所示。
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] ls /
[mycat, zookeeper]
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] ls /mycat
[mycat-cluster-1]
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 2] ls /mycat/mycat-cluster-1
[cache, line, rules, schema, sequences, server]
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 3]
可以看到，在/mycat/mycat-cluster-1下存在6个目录，接下来，查看下schema目录下的信息，如下所示。
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 3] ls /mycat/mycat-cluster-1/schema
[dataHost, dataNode, schema]
接下来，我们查看下dataHost的配置，如下所示。
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 4] get /mycat/mycat-cluster-1/schema/dataHost
[{"balance":1,"maxCon":1000,"minCon":10,"name":"binghe151","writeType":0,"switchType":1,"slaveThreshold":100,"dbType":"mysql","dbDriver":"native","heartbeat":"select user()","writeHost":[{"host":"binghe51","url":"192.168.175.151:3306","password":"root","user":"root"}]},{"balance":1,"maxCon":1000,"minCon":10,"name":"binghe152","writeType":0,"switchType":1,"slaveThreshold":100,"dbType":"mysql","dbDriver":"native","heartbeat":"select user()","writeHost":[{"host":"binghe52","url":"192.168.175.152:3306","password":"root","user":"root"}]},{"balance":1,"maxCon":1000,"minCon":10,"name":"binghe153","writeType":0,"switchType":1,"slaveThreshold":100,"dbType":"mysql","dbDriver":"native","heartbeat":"select user()","writeHost":[{"host":"binghe53","url":"192.168.175.153:3306","password":"root","user":"root"}]},{"balance":1,"maxCon":1000,"minCon":10,"name":"binghe154","writeType":0,"switchType":1,"slaveThreshold":100,"dbType":"mysql","dbDriver":"native","heartbeat":"select user()","writeHost":[{"host":"binghe54","url":"192.168.175.154:3306","password":"root","user":"root"}]}]
上面的输出信息格式比较乱，但可以看出是Json格式的信息，我们可以将输出信息进行格式化，格式化后的结果如下所示。
[
{
"balance": 1,
"maxCon": 1000,
"minCon": 10,
"name": "binghe151",
"writeType": 0,
"switchType": 1,
"slaveThreshold": 100,
"dbType": "mysql",
"dbDriver": "native",
"heartbeat": "select user()",
"writeHost": [
{
"host": "binghe51",
"url": "192.168.175.151:3306",
"password": "root",
"user": "root"
}
]
},
{
"balance": 1,
"maxCon": 1000,
"minCon": 10,
"name": "binghe152",
"writeType": 0,
"switchType": 1,
"slaveThreshold": 100,
"dbType": "mysql",
"dbDriver": "native",
"heartbeat": "select user()",
"writeHost": [
{
"host": "binghe52",
"url": "192.168.175.152:3306",
"password": "root",
"user": "root"
}
]
},
{
"balance": 1,
"maxCon": 1000,
"minCon": 10,
"name": "binghe153",
"writeType": 0,
"switchType": 1,
"slaveThreshold": 100,
"dbType": "mysql",
"dbDriver": "native",
"heartbeat": "select user()",
"writeHost": [
{
"host": "binghe53",
"url": "192.168.175.153:3306",
"password": "root",
"user": "root"
}
]
},
{
"balance": 1,
"maxCon": 1000,
"minCon": 10,
"name": "binghe154",
"writeType": 0,
"switchType": 1,
"slaveThreshold": 100,
"dbType": "mysql",
"dbDriver": "native",
"heartbeat": "select user()",
"writeHost": [
{
"host": "binghe54",
"url": "192.168.175.154:3306",
"password": "root",
"user": "root"
}
]
}
]
可以看到，我们在Mycat的schema.xml文件中配置的dataHost节点的信息，成功写入到Zookeeper中了。
为了验证Mycat的配置信息，是否已经同步到Zookeeper的其他节点上，我们也可以在binghe152和binghe153服务器上登录Zookeeper，查看Mycat配置信息是否写入成功。
- binghe152服务器
[root@binghe152 ~]# zkCli.sh
Connecting to localhost:2181
#################省略N行输出信息################
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] get /mycat/mycat-cluster-1/schema/dataHost
[{"balance":1,"maxCon":1000,"minCon":10,"name":"binghe151","writeType":0,"switchType":1,"slaveThreshold":100,"dbType":"mysql","dbDriver":"native","heartbeat":"select user()","writeHost":[{"host":"binghe51","url":"192.168.175.151:3306","password":"root","user":"root"}]},{"balance":1,"maxCon":1000,"minCon":10,"name":"binghe152","writeType":0,"switchType":1,"slaveThreshold":100,"dbType":"mysql","dbDriver":"native","heartbeat":"select user()","writeHost":[{"host":"binghe52","url":"192.168.175.152:3306","password":"root","user":"root"}]},{"balance":1,"maxCon":1000,"minCon":10,"name":"binghe153","writeType":0,"switchType":1,"slaveThreshold":100,"dbType":"mysql","dbDriver":"native","heartbeat":"select user()","writeHost":[{"host":"binghe53","url":"192.168.175.153:3306","password":"root","user":"root"}]},{"balance":1,"maxCon":1000,"minCon":10,"name":"binghe154","writeType":0,"switchType":1,"slaveThreshold":100,"dbType":"mysql","dbDriver":"native","heartbeat":"select user()","writeHost":[{"host":"binghe54","url":"192.168.175.154:3306","password":"root","user":"root"}]}]
可以看到，Mycat的配置信息成功同步到了binghe152服务器上的Zookeeper中。
- binghe153服务器
[root@binghe153 ~]# zkCli.sh
Connecting to localhost:2181
#####################此处省略N行输出信息#####################
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 0] get /mycat/mycat-cluster-1/schema/dataHost
[{"balance":1,"maxCon":1000,"minCon":10,"name":"binghe151","writeType":0,"switchType":1,"slaveThreshold":100,"dbType":"mysql","dbDriver":"native","heartbeat":"select user()","writeHost":[{"host":"binghe51","url":"192.168.175.151:3306","password":"root","user":"root"}]},{"balance":1,"maxCon":1000,"minCon":10,"name":"binghe152","writeType":0,"switchType":1,"slaveThreshold":100,"dbType":"mysql","dbDriver":"native","heartbeat":"select user()","writeHost":[{"host":"binghe52","url":"192.168.175.152:3306","password":"root","user":"root"}]},{"balance":1,"maxCon":1000,"minCon":10,"name":"binghe153","writeType":0,"switchType":1,"slaveThreshold":100,"dbType":"mysql","dbDriver":"native","heartbeat":"select user()","writeHost":[{"host":"binghe53","url":"192.168.175.153:3306","password":"root","user":"root"}]},{"balance":1,"maxCon":1000,"minCon":10,"name":"binghe154","writeType":0,"switchType":1,"slaveThreshold":100,"dbType":"mysql","dbDriver":"native","heartbeat":"select user()","writeHost":[{"host":"binghe54","url":"192.168.175.154:3306","password":"root","user":"root"}]}]
可以看到，Mycat的配置信息成功同步到了binghe153服务器上的Zookeeper中。
配置Mycat支持Zookeeper启动
1.在binghe151服务器上配置Mycat
在binghe151服务器上进入Mycat安装目录的conf目录下，查看文件信息，如下所示。
[root@binghe151 ~]# cd /usr/local/mycat/conf/
[root@binghe151 conf]# ll
total 108
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 92 Feb 26 17:10 autopartition-long.txt
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 51 Feb 26 17:10 auto-sharding-long.txt
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 67 Feb 26 17:10 auto-sharding-rang-mod.txt
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 340 Feb 26 17:10 cacheservice.properties
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3338 Feb 26 17:10 dbseq.sql
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3532 Feb 26 17:10 dbseq - utf8mb4.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 86 Mar 1 22:37 dnindex.properties
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 446 Feb 26 17:10 ehcache.xml
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 2454 Feb 26 17:10 index_to_charset.properties
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1285 Feb 26 17:10 log4j2.xml
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 183 Feb 26 17:10 migrateTables.properties
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 271 Feb 26 17:10 myid.properties
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Feb 26 17:10 partition-hash-int.txt
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 108 Feb 26 17:10 partition-range-mod.txt
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 988 Mar 1 16:59 rule.xml
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 3883 Mar 3 23:59 schema.xml
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 440 Feb 26 17:10 sequence_conf.properties
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 84 Mar 3 23:52 sequence_db_conf.properties
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 29 Feb 26 17:10 sequence_distributed_conf.properties
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 Feb 26 17:10 sequence_http_conf.properties
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 53 Feb 26 17:10 sequence_time_conf.properties
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 2420 Mar 4 15:14 server.xml
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 Feb 26 17:10 sharding-by-enum.txt
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4251 Feb 28 20:51 wrapper.conf
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 Feb 28 21:17 zkconf
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 4096 Feb 28 21:17 zkdownload
可以看到，在Mycat的conf目录下，存在一个myid.properties文件，接下来，使用vim编辑器编辑这个文件，如下所示。
vim myid.properties
编辑后的myid.properties文件的内容如下所示。
loadZk=true
zkURL=192.168.175.151:2181,192.168.175.152:2181,192.168.175.153:2181
clusterId=mycat-cluster-1
myid=mycat_151
clusterSize=2
clusterNodes=mycat_151,mycat_154
#server booster ; booster install on db same server,will reset all minCon to 2
type=server
boosterDataHosts=dataHost1
其中几个重要的参数说明如下所示。
-
loadZk：表示是否加载Zookeeper配置。true：是； false：否；
-
zkURL：Zookeeper的连接地址，多个Zookeeper连接地址以逗号隔开；
-
clusterId：当前Mycat集群的Id标识，此标识需要与Zookeeper中/mycat目录下的目录名称相同，如下所示。
[zk: localhost:2181(CONNECTED) 1] ls /mycat
[mycat-cluster-1]
- myid：当前Mycat节点的id，这里我的命名方式为mycat_前缀加上IP地址的最后三位；
- clusterSize：表示Mycat集群中的Mycat节点个数，这里，我们在binghe151和binghe154节点上部署Mycat，所以Mycat节点的个数为2。
- clusterNodes：Mycat集群中，所有的Mycat节点，此处的节点需要配置myid中配置的Mycat节点id，多个节点之前以逗号分隔。这里我配置的节点为：mycat_151,mycat_154。
2.在binghe154服务器上安装全新的Mycat
在binghe154服务器上下载并安装和binghe151服务器上相同版本的Mycat，并将其解压到binghe154服务器上的/usr/local/mycat目录下。
也可以在binghe151服务器上直接输入如下命令将Mycat的安装目录复制到binghe154服务器上。
[root@binghe151 ~]# scp -r /usr/local/mycat binghe154:/usr/local
注意：别忘了在binghe154服务器上配置Mycat的系统环境变量。
3.修改binghe154服务器上的Mycat配置
在binghe154服务器上修改Mycat安装目录下的conf目录中的myid.properties文件，如下所示。
vim /usr/local/mycat/conf/myid.properties
修改后的myid.properties文件的内容如下所示。
loadZk=true
zkURL=192.168.175.151:2181,192.168.175.152:2181,192.168.175.153:2181
clusterId=mycat-cluster-1
myid=mycat_154
clusterSize=2
clusterNodes=mycat_151,mycat_154
#server booster ; booster install on db same server,will reset all minCon to 2
type=server
boosterDataHosts=dataHost1
4.重启Mycat
分别重启binghe151服务器和binghe154服务器上的Mycat，如下所示。
注意：先重启
- binghe151服务器
[root@binghe151 ~]# mycat restart
Stopping Mycat-server...
Stopped Mycat-server.
Starting Mycat-server...
- binghe154服务器
[root@binghe154 ~]# mycat restart
Stopping Mycat-server...
Stopped Mycat-server.
Starting Mycat-server...
在binghe151和binghe154服务器上分别查看Mycat的启动日志，如下所示。
STATUS | wrapper | 2020/03/08 21:08:15 | <-- Wrapper Stopped
STATUS | wrapper | 2020/03/08 21:08:15 | --> Wrapper Started as Daemon
STATUS | wrapper | 2020/03/08 21:08:15 | Launching a JVM...
INFO | jvm 1 | 2020/03/08 21:08:16 | Wrapper (Version 3.2.3) http://wrapper.tanukisoftware.org
INFO | jvm 1 | 2020/03/08 21:08:16 | Copyright 1999-2006 Tanuki Software, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
INFO | jvm 1 | 2020/03/08 21:08:16 |
INFO | jvm 1 | 2020/03/08 21:08:28 | MyCAT Server startup successfully. see logs in logs/mycat.log
从日志的输出结果可以看出，Mycat重启成功。
此时，先重启binghe151服务器上的Mycat，再重启binghe154服务器上的Mycat之后，我们会发现binghe154服务器上的Mycat的conf目录下的schema.xml、server.xml、rule.xml和sequence_db_conf.properties文件与binghe151服务器上Mycat的配置文件相同，这就是binghe154服务器上的Mycat从Zookeeper上读取配置文件的结果。
以后，我们只需要修改Zookeeper中有关Mycat的配置，这些配置就会自动同步到Mycat中，这样可以保证多个Mycat节点的配置是一致的。
配置虚拟IP
分别在binghe151和binghe154服务器上配置虚拟IP，如下所示。
ifconfig eth0:1 192.168.175.110 broadcast 192.168.175.255 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
route add -host 192.168.175.110 dev eth0:1
配置完虚拟IP的效果如下所示，以binghe151服务器为例。
[root@binghe151 ~]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:10:A1:45
inet addr:192.168.175.151 Bcast:192.168.175.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe10:a145/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:116766 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:85230 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:25559422 (24.3 MiB) TX bytes:55997016 (53.4 MiB)
eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:10:A1:45
inet addr:192.168.175.110 Bcast:192.168.175.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1
RX packets:51102 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:51102 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:2934009 (2.7 MiB) TX bytes:2934009 (2.7 MiB)
注意：在命令行添加VIP后，当服务器重启后，VIP信息会消失，所以，最好是将创建VIP的命令写到一个脚本文件中，例如，将命令写到/usr/local/script/vip.sh文件中，如下所示。
mkdir /usr/local/script
vim /usr/local/script/vip.sh
文件的内容如下所示。
ifconfig eth0:1 192.168.175.110 broadcast 192.168.175.255 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
route add -host 192.168.175.110 dev eth0:1
接下来，将/usr/local/script/vip.sh文件添加到服务器开机启动项中，如下所示。
echo /usr/local/script/vip.sh >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local
配置IP转发
在binghe151和binghe154服务器上配置系统内核IP转发功能，编辑/etc/sysctl.conf文件，如下所示。
vim /etc/sysctl.conf
找到如下一行代码。
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
将其修改成如下所示的代码。
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
保存并退出vim编辑器，并运行如下命令使配置生效。
sysctl -p
安装并配置xinetd服务
我们需要在安装HAProxy的服务器上，也就是在binghe151和binghe154服务器上安装xinetd服务来开启48700端口。
（1）在服务器命令行执行如下命令安装xinetd服务，如下所示。
yum install xinetd -y
（2）编辑/etc/xinetd.conf文件，如下所示。
vim /etc/xinetd.conf
检查文件中是否存在如下配置。
includedir /etc/xinetd.d
如果/etc/xinetd.conf文件中没有以上配置，则在/etc/xinetd.conf文件中添加以上配置；如果存在以上配置，则不用修改。
（3）创建/etc/xinetd.d目录，如下所示。
mkdir /etc/xinetd.d
注意：如果/etc/xinetd.d目录已经存在，创建目录时会报如下错误。
mkdir: cannot create directory `/etc/xinetd.d': File exists
大家可不必理会此错误信息。
（4）在/etc/xinetd.d目录下添加Mycat状态检测服务器的配置文件mycat_status，如下所示。
touch /etc/xinetd.d/mycat_status
（5）编辑mycat_status文件，如下所示。
vim /etc/xinetd.d/mycat_status
编辑后的mycat_status文件中的内容如下所示。
service mycat_status
{
flags = REUSE
socket_type = stream
port = 48700
wait = no
user = root
server =/usr/local/bin/mycat_check.sh
log_on_failure += USERID
disable = no
}
部分xinetd配置参数说明如下所示。
-
socket_type：表示封包处理方式，Stream为TCP数据包。
-
port：表示xinetd服务监听的端口号。
-
wait：表示不需等待，即服务将以多线程的方式运行。
-
user：运行xinted服务的用户。
-
server：需要启动的服务脚本。
-
log_on_failure：记录失败的日志内容。
-
disable：需要启动xinted服务时，需要将此配置项设置为no。
（6）在/usr/local/bin目录下添加mycat_check.sh服务脚本，如下所示。
touch /usr/local/bin/mycat_check.sh
（7）编辑/usr/local/bin/mycat_check.sh文件，如下所示。
vim /usr/local/bin/mycat_check.sh
编辑后的文件内容如下所示。
#!/bin/bash
mycat=`/usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat status | grep 'not running' | wc -l`
if [ "$mycat" = "0" ]; then
/bin/echo -e "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
else
/bin/echo -e "HTTP/1.1 503 Service Unavailable\r\n"
/usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat start
fi
为mycat_check.sh文件赋予可执行权限，如下所示。
chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/mycat_check.sh
（8）编辑/etc/services文件，如下所示。
vim /etc/services
在文件末尾添加如下所示的内容。
mycat_status 48700/tcp # mycat_status
其中，端口号需要与在/etc/xinetd.d/mycat_status文件中配置的端口号相同。
（9）重启xinetd服务，如下所示。
service xinetd restart
（10）查看mycat_status服务是否成功启动，如下所示。
- binghe151服务器
[root@binghe151 ~]# netstat -antup|grep 48700
tcp 0 0 :::48700 :::* LISTEN 2776/xinetd
- binghe154服务器
[root@binghe154 ~]# netstat -antup|grep 48700
tcp 0 0 :::48700 :::* LISTEN 6654/xinetd
结果显示，两台服务器上的mycat_status服务器启动成功。
至此，xinetd服务安装并配置成功，即Mycat状态检查服务安装成功。
安装并配置HAProxy
我们直接在binghe151和binghe154服务器上使用如下命令安装HAProxy。
yum install haproxy -y
安装完成后，我们需要对HAProxy进行配置，HAProxy的配置文件目录为/etc/haproxy，我们查看这个目录下的文件信息，如下所示。
[root@binghe151 ~]# ll /etc/haproxy/
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3142 Oct 21 2016 haproxy.cfg
发现/etc/haproxy/目录下存在一个haproxy.cfg文件。接下来，我们就修改haproxy.cfg文件，修改后的haproxy.cfg文件的内容如下所示。
global
log 127.0.0.1 local2
chroot /var/lib/haproxy
pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid
maxconn 4000
user haproxy
group haproxy
daemon
stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats
defaults
mode http
log global
option httplog
option dontlognull
option http-server-close
option redispatch
retries 3
timeout http-request 10s
timeout queue 1m
timeout connect 10s
timeout client 1m
timeout server 1m
timeout http-keep-alive 10s
timeout check 10s
maxconn 3000
listen admin_status
bind 0.0.0.0:48800
stats uri /admin-status
stats auth admin:admin
listen allmycat_service
bind 0.0.0.0:3366
mode tcp
option tcplog
option httpchk OPTIONS * HTTP/1.1\r\nHost:\ www
balance roundrobin
server mycat_151 192.168.175.151:3307 check port 48700 inter 5s rise 2 fall 3
server mycat_154 192.168.175.154:3307 check port 48700 inter 5s rise 2 fall 3
listen allmycat_admin
bind 0.0.0.0:3377
mode tcp
option tcplog
option httpchk OPTIONS * HTTP/1.1\r\nHost:\ www
balance roundrobin
server mycat_151 192.168.175.151:3308 check port 48700 inter 5s rise 2 fall 3
server mycat_154 192.168.175.154:3308 check port 48700 inter 5s rise 2 fall 3
接下来，在binghe151服务器和binghe154服务器上启动HAProxy，如下所示。
haproxy -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
接下来，我们使用mysql命令连接HAProxy监听的虚拟IP和端口来连接Mycat，如下所示。
[root@binghe151 ~]# mysql -umycat -pmycat -h192.168.175.110 -P3366 --default-auth=mysql_native_password
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6.7.4-release-20200228205020 MyCat Server (OpenCloudDB)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
可以看到，连接Mycat成功。
安装Keepalived
1.安装并配置Keepalived
直接在binghe151和binghe154服务器上输入如下命令安装Keepalived。
yum install keepalived -y
安装成功后，会在/etc目录下生成一个keepalived目录，接下来，我们在/etc/keepalived目录下配置keepalived.conf文件，如下所示。
vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
- binghe151服务器配置
! Configuration Fileforkeepalived
vrrp_script chk_http_port {
script "/etc/keepalived/check_haproxy.sh"
interval 2
weight 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 150
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
track_script {
chk_http_port
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.175.110 dev eth0 scope global
}
}
- binghe154服务器配置
! Configuration Fileforkeepalived
vrrp_script chk_http_port {
script "/etc/keepalived/check_haproxy.sh"
interval 2
weight 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state SLAVE
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
priority 120
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 1111
}
track_script {
chk_http_port
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.175.110 dev eth0 scope global
}
}
2.编写检测HAProxy的脚本
接下来，需要分别在binghe151和binghe154服务器上的/etc/keepalived目录下创建check_haproxy.sh脚本，脚本内容如下所示。
#!/bin/bash
STARTHAPROXY="/usr/sbin/haproxy -f /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg"
STOPKEEPALIVED="/etc/init.d/keepalived stop"
#STOPKEEPALIVED="/usr/bin/systemctl stop keepalived"
LOGFILE="/var/log/keepalived-haproxy-state.log"
echo "[check_haproxy status]" >> $LOGFILE
A=`ps -C haproxy --no-header |wc -l`
echo "[check_haproxy status]" >> $LOGFILE
date >> $LOGFILE
if [ $A -eq 0 ];then
echo $STARTHAPROXY >> $LOGFILE
$STARTHAPROXY >> $LOGFILE 2>&1
sleep 5
fi
if [ `ps -C haproxy --no-header |wc -l` -eq 0 ];then
exit 0
else
exit 1
fi
使用如下命令为check_haproxy.sh脚本授予可执行权限。
chmod a+x /etc/keepalived/check_haproxy.sh
3.启动Keepalived
配置完成后，我们就可以启动Keepalived了，分别在binghe151和binghe154服务器上启动Keepalived，如下所示。
/etc/init.d/keepalived start
查看Keepalived是否启动成功，如下所示。
- binghe151服务器
[root@binghe151 ~]# ps -ef | grep keepalived
root 1221 1 0 20:06 ? 00:00:00 keepalived -D
root 1222 1221 0 20:06 ? 00:00:00 keepalived -D
root 1223 1221 0 20:06 ? 00:00:02 keepalived -D
root 93290 3787 0 21:42 pts/0 00:00:00 grep keepalived
- binghe154服务器
[root@binghe154 ~]# ps -ef | grep keepalived
root 1224 1 0 20:06 ? 00:00:00 keepalived -D
root 1225 1224 0 20:06 ? 00:00:00 keepalived -D
root 1226 1224 0 20:06 ? 00:00:02 keepalived -D
root 94636 3798 0 21:43 pts/0 00:00:00 grep keepalived
可以看到，两台服务器上的Keepalived服务启动成功。
4.验证Keepalived绑定的虚拟IP
接下来，我们分别查看两台服务器上的Keepalived是否绑定了虚拟IP。
- binghe151服务器
[root@binghe151 ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:10:a1:45 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.175.151/24 brd 192.168.175.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.175.110/32 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.175.110/24 brd 192.168.175.255 scope global secondary eth0:1
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe10:a145/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
可以看到如下一行代码。
inet 192.168.175.110/32 scope global eth0
说明binghe151服务器上的Keepalived绑定了虚拟IP 192.168.175.110。
- binghe154服务器
[root@binghe154 ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:22:2a:75 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.175.154/24 brd 192.168.175.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.175.110/24 brd 192.168.175.255 scope global secondary eth0:1
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe22:2a75/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
可以看到binghe154服务器上的Keepalived并没有绑定虚拟IP。
5.测试虚拟IP的漂移
如何测试虚拟IP的漂移呢？首先，我们停止binghe151服务器上的Keepalived，如下所示。
/etc/init.d/keepalived stop
接下来，查看binghe154服务器上Keepalived绑定虚拟IP的情况，如下所示。
[root@binghe154 ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:22:2a:75 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.175.154/24 brd 192.168.175.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.175.110/32 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.175.110/24 brd 192.168.175.255 scope global secondary eth0:1
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe22:2a75/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
可以看到，在输出的结果信息中，存在如下一行信息。
inet 192.168.175.110/32 scope global eth0
说明binghe154服务器上的Keepalived绑定了虚拟IP 192.168.175.110，虚拟IP漂移到了binghe154服务器上。
6.binghe151服务器上的Keepalived抢占虚拟IP
接下来，我们启动binghe151服务器上的Keepalived，如下所示。
/etc/init.d/keepalived start
启动成功后，我们再次查看虚拟IP的绑定情况，如下所示。
- binghe151服务器
[root@binghe151 ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:10:a1:45 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.175.151/24 brd 192.168.175.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.175.110/32 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.175.110/24 brd 192.168.175.255 scope global secondary eth0:1
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe10:a145/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
- binghe154服务器
[root@binghe154 ~]# ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:22:2a:75 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.175.154/24 brd 192.168.175.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.175.110/24 brd 192.168.175.255 scope global secondary eth0:1
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe22:2a75/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
由于binghe151服务器上配置的Keepalived优先级要高于binghe154服务器上的Keepalived，所以，再次启动binghe151服务器上的Keepalived后，binghe151服务器上的Keepalived会抢占虚拟IP。
配置MySQL主从复制
这里，为了简单，我将binghe154和binghe155服务器上的MySQL配置成主从复制，大家也可以根据实际情况，自行配置其他服务器上MySQL的主从复制（注意：我这里配置的是一主一从模式）。
1.编辑my.cnf文件
- binghe154服务器
server_id = 154
log_bin = /data/mysql/log/bin_log/mysql-bin
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog_format= mixed
sync_binlog=100
log_slave_updates = 1
binlog_cache_size=32m
max_binlog_cache_size=64m
max_binlog_size=512m
lower_case_table_names = 1
relay_log = /data/mysql/log/bin_log/relay-bin
relay_log_index = /data/mysql/log/bin_log/relay-bin.index
master_info_repository=TABLE
relay-log-info-repository=TABLE
relay-log-recovery
- binghe155服务器
server_id = 155
log_bin = /data/mysql/log/bin_log/mysql-bin
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog_format= mixed
sync_binlog=100
log_slave_updates = 1
binlog_cache_size=32m
max_binlog_cache_size=64m
max_binlog_size=512m
lower_case_table_names = 1
relay_log = /data/mysql/log/bin_log/relay-bin
relay_log_index = /data/mysql/log/bin_log/relay-bin.index
master_info_repository=TABLE
relay-log-info-repository=TABLE
relay-log-recovery
2.同步两台服务器上MySQL的数据
在binghe154服务器上只有一个customer_db数据库，我们使用mysqldump命令导出customer_db数据库，如下所示。
[root@binghe154 ~]# mysqldump --master-data=2 --single-transaction -uroot -p --databases customer_db > binghe154.sql
Enter password:
接下来，我们查看binghe154.sql文件。
more binghe154.sql
在文件中，我们可以找到如下信息。
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000042', MASTER_LOG_POS=995;
说明当前MySQL的二进制日志文件为mysql-bin.000042，二进制日志文件的位置为995。
接下来，我们将binghe154.sql文件复制到binghe155服务器上，如下所示。
scp binghe154.sql 192.168.175.155:/usr/local/src
在binghe155服务器上，将binghe154.sql脚本导入到MySQL中，如下所示。
mysql -uroot -p < /usr/local/src/binghe154.sql
此时，完成了数据的初始化。
3.创建主从复制账号
在binghe154服务器的MySQL中，创建用于主从复制的MySQL账号，如下所示。
mysql> CREATE USER 'repl'@'192.168.175.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'repl123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> ALTER USER 'repl'@'192.168.175.%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'repl123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'192.168.175.%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
4.配置复制链路
登录binghe155服务器上的MySQL，并使用如下命令配置复制链路。
mysql> change master to
> master_host='192.168.175.154',
> master_port=3306,
> master_user='repl',
> master_password='repl123456',
> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000042',
> MASTER_LOG_POS=995;
其中，MASTER_LOG_FILE=‘mysql-bin.000042’, MASTER_LOG_POS=995 就是在binghe154.sql文件中找到的。
5.启动从库
在binghe155服务器的MySQL命令行启动从库，如下所示。
mysql> start slave;
查看从库是否启动成功，如下所示。
mysql> SHOW slave STATUS \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.175.151
Master_User: binghe152
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000007
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1360
Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 322
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000007
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
#################省略部分输出结果信息##################
结果显示Slave_IO_Running选项和Slave_SQL_Running选项的值均为Yes，说明MySQL主从复制环境搭建成功。
最后，别忘了在binghe155服务器的MySQL中创建Mycat连接MySQL的用户，如下所示。
CREATE USER 'mycat'@'192.168.175.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'mycat';
ALTER USER 'mycat'@'192.168.175.%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'mycat';
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE,EXECUTE ON *.* TO 'mycat'@'192.168.175.%';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
配置Mycat读写分离
修改Mycatd的schema.xml文件，实现binghe154和binghe155服务器上的MySQL读写分离。在Mycat安装目录的conf/zkconf目录下，修改schema.xml文件，修改后的schema.xml文件如下所示。
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<schema name="shop" checkSQLschema="true" sqlMaxLimit="1000">
<table name="order_master" dataNode="orderdb01,orderdb02,orderdb03,orderdb04" rule="order_master" primaryKey="order_id" autoIncrement="true">
<childTable name="order_detail" joinKey="order_id" parentKey="order_id" primaryKey="order_detail_id" autoIncrement="true"/>
</table>
<table name="order_cart" dataNode="ordb" primaryKey="cart_id"/>
<table name="order_customer_addr" dataNode="ordb" primaryKey="customer_addr_id"/>
<table name="region_info" dataNode="ordb,prodb,custdb" primaryKey="region_id" type="global"/>
<table name="serial" dataNode="ordb" primaryKey="id"/>
<table name="shipping_info" dataNode="ordb" primaryKey="ship_id"/>
<table name="warehouse_info" dataNode="ordb" primaryKey="w_id"/>
<table name="warehouse_proudct" dataNode="ordb" primaryKey="wp_id"/>
<table name="product_brand_info" dataNode="prodb" primaryKey="brand_id"/>
<table name="product_category" dataNode="prodb" primaryKey="category_id"/>
<table name="product_comment" dataNode="prodb" primaryKey="comment_id"/>
<table name="product_info" dataNode="prodb" primaryKey="product_id"/>
<table name="product_pic_info" dataNode="prodb" primaryKey="product_pic_id"/>
<table name="product_supplier_info" dataNode="prodb" primaryKey="supplier_id"/>
<table name="customer_balance_log" dataNode="custdb" primaryKey="balance_id"/>
<table name="customer_inf" dataNode="custdb" primaryKey="customer_inf_id"/>
<table name="customer_level_inf" dataNode="custdb" primaryKey="customer_level"/>
<table name="customer_login" dataNode="custdb" primaryKey="customer_id"/>
<table name="customer_login_log" dataNode="custdb" primaryKey="login_id"/>
<table name="customer_point_log" dataNode="custdb" primaryKey="point_id"/>
</schema>
<dataNode name="mycat" dataHost="binghe151" database="mycat"/>
<dataNode name="ordb" dataHost="binghe152" database="order_db"/>
<dataNode name="prodb" dataHost="binghe153" database="product_db"/>
<dataNode name="custdb" dataHost="binghe154" database="customer_db"/>
<dataNode name="orderdb01" dataHost="binghe152" database="orderdb01"/>
<dataNode name="orderdb02" dataHost="binghe152" database="orderdb02"/>
<dataNode name="orderdb03" dataHost="binghe153" database="orderdb03"/>
<dataNode name="orderdb04" dataHost="binghe153" database="orderdb04"/>
<dataHost balance="1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" name="binghe151" writeType="0" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="binghe51" url="192.168.175.151:3306" password="mycat" user="mycat"/>
</dataHost>
<dataHost balance="1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" name="binghe152" writeType="0" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="binghe52" url="192.168.175.152:3306" password="mycat" user="mycat"/>
</dataHost>
<dataHost balance="1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" name="binghe153" writeType="0" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="binghe53" url="192.168.175.153:3306" password="mycat" user="mycat"/>
</dataHost>
<dataHost balance="1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" name="binghe154" writeType="0" switchTymycate="1" slaveThreshold="100" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="binghe54" url="192.168.175.154:3306" password="mycat" user="mycat">
<readHost host="binghe55", url="192.168.175.155:3306" user="mycat" password="mycat"/>
</writeHost>
<writeHost host="binghe55" url="192.168.175.155:3306" password="mycat" user="mycat"/>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
保存并退出vim编辑器，接下来，初始化Zookeeper中的数据，如下所示。
/usr/local/mycat/bin/init_zk_data.sh
上述命令执行成功后，会自动将配置同步到binghe151和binghe154服务器上的Mycat的安装目录下的conf目录下的schema.xml中。
接下来，分别启动binghe151和binghe154服务器上的Mycat服务。
mycat restart
如何访问高可用环境
此时，整个高可用环境配置完成，上层应用连接高可用环境时，需要连接HAProxy监听的IP和端口。比如使用mysql命令连接高可用环境如下所示。
[root@binghe151 ~]# mysql -umycat -pmycat -h192.168.175.110 -P3366 --default-auth=mysql_native_password
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6.7.4-release-20200228205020 MyCat Server (OpenCloudDB)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+----------+
| DATABASE |
+----------+
| shop |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.10 sec)
mysql> use shop;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+-----------------------+
| Tables in shop |
+-----------------------+
| customer_balance_log |
| customer_inf |
| customer_level_inf |
| customer_login |
| customer_login_log |
| customer_point_log |
| order_cart |
| order_customer_addr |
| order_detail |
| order_master |
| product_brand_info |
| product_category |
| product_comment |
| product_info |
| product_pic_info |
| product_supplier_info |
| region_info |
| serial |
| shipping_info |
| warehouse_info |
| warehouse_proudct |
+-----------------------+
21 rows in set (0.00 sec)
这里，我只是对binghe154服务器上的MySQL扩展了读写分离环境，大家也可以根据实际情况对其他服务器的MySQL实现主从复制和读写分离，这样，整个高可用环境就实现了HAProxy的高可用、Mycat的高可用、MySQL的高可用、Zookeeper的高可用和Keepalived的高可用。
如果你想进大厂，想升职加薪，或者对自己现有的工作比较迷茫，都可以私信我交流，希望我的一些经历能够帮助到大家~~
推荐阅读：
好了，今天就到这儿吧，小伙伴们点赞、收藏、评论，一键三连走起呀，我是冰河，我们下期见~~
Recommend
About Joyk
Aggregate valuable and interesting links.
Joyk means Joy of geeK