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xfs文件系统管理

 3 years ago
source link: https://www.lujun9972.win/blog/2018/09/08/xfs%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86/index.html
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创建XFS文件系统

使用 mkfs.xfs 可以将存储设备格式化为XFS格式 

dd if=/dev/zero of=~/xfs.img bs=1M count=4096
mkfs.xfs ~/xfs.img

meta-data=/home/lujun9972/xfs.img isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=262144 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=1048576, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

但若原存储已经被格式化过，则 mkfs.xfs 会拒绝再次格式化 

mkfs.xfs ~/xfs.img 2>&1 ||exit 0

mkfs.xfs: /home/lujun9972/xfs.img appears to contain an existing filesystem (xfs).
mkfs.xfs: Use the -f option to force overwrite.

这个时候需要用 -f 选项表示强行格式化 

mkfs.xfs -f ~/xfs.img

meta-data=/home/lujun9972/xfs.img isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=262144 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=1048576, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

设置block大小

block是文件系统存储的最小单位，较大的block可以增加文件系统和单个文件的大小上限并加快大文件的读写速度，但是会浪费较多空间。而太小的block则相反。

我们可以在格式化时指定block的大小，XFS的大小最小为512字节，最大为64KB,默认为4K

在格式化时使用 -b size=block大小 来指定区块大小 

mkfs.xfs -f -b size=1k ~/xfs.img

meta-data=/home/lujun9972/xfs.img isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=1048576 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=0
data     =                       bsize=1024   blocks=4194304, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=1024   blocks=10240, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

这里大小单位可以是"k"表示kb，或者"s"表示扇区数，一个扇区默认为512字节，但可以通过 -s 选项改变。

XFS允许目录使用比文件系统block更大的block,方法是使用 -n size=block大小 

mkfs.xfs -f -b size=1k -n size=4k ~/xfs.img

meta-data=/home/lujun9972/xfs.img isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=1048576 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=0
data     =                       bsize=1024   blocks=4194304, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=1024   blocks=10240, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

格式化XFS时，mkfs.xfs会根据文件系统的大小自动分配日志的大小。 日志大小介于512KB到128MB之间，但可以通过 -l size=日志大小 来设置，其中日志的单位可以是:

s bblock k m g t p e 

mkfs.xfs -f -l size=64m ~/xfs.img

meta-data=/home/lujun9972/xfs.img isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=262144 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=1048576, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=16384, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

设置文件系统标签

Label或者说Volume Name可以用来说明文件系统的用途，可以通过 -L 标签 来设置 

mkfs.xfs -f -L TEST ~/xfs.img

meta-data=/home/lujun9972/xfs.img isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=262144 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=1048576, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

我们可以使用 xfs_admin 来查看当前的label 

xfs_admin -l ~/xfs.img

label = "TEST"

report

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