The code snippet has three methods: lambda, scope and class method.

All of them returns the same results.

Questions:

1. Is there any best practice in Ruby/Rails when it is preferred to use one over the other ?

2. In what cases would you use lambda, scope or class method ( best practices ).

   class Cars < ActiveRecord::Base
     attr_accessible :manufacturer, :price, :used
   
     #one
     scope :used_and_cheap_lambda, lambda { where('used = ?', true ).where('price >= ?',30000) }
   
     #two
     scope :used_and_cheap_scope, where('used = ?', true ).where('price >= ?',30000)
   
     #three
     def self.used_and_cheap_class
       where('used = ?', true ).where('price >= ?',30000)
     end
   end
   
   Cars.used_and_cheap_lambda.count
   => #24
   
   Cars.used_and_cheap_class.count
   => #24
   
   Cars.used_and_cheap_scope.count
   => #24
   
   

It's best to avoid using option 2. That code gets run immediately when your Rails app loads which is bad since it will always return the same value for any Time argument you use in it. That's because it isn't reevaluated every time it's called.

Option 1, as pointed out by musicnerd47, are lazy loaded and it is advisable that you pass lambdas to scopes in Rails 4 rather than doing option 2 since they are reevaluated every time called so they will return updated values.

So the only options would be 1 and 3. This is usually a matter of style that your team adheres to. In our company, we use option 1 when the code we pass to it is going to be an ActiveRecord query and we want it to output a query that can be chained. This is to ensure that an ActiveRecord::Relation object is returned every time we do our queries for multiple records. That would mean that they are always going to be chainable with other ActiveRecord::Relation methods and our other defined scopes.

We use option 3 if it's for behavior that doesn't need to be chained with other scopes.

Here's a good read on the matter of scopes and class_methods where he goes into detail and provides examples on the difference between scopes and class methods. http://blog.plataformatec.com.br/2013/02/active-record-scopes-vs-class-methods/