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How To Install and Manage System Packages in Ansible Playbooks

 4 years ago
source link: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-manage-system-packages-in-ansible-playbooks
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Tutorial

How To Install and Manage System Packages in Ansible Playbooks

UbuntuConfiguration ManagementAnsible

Part of the Series: How To Write Ansible Playbooks

Ansible is a modern configuration management tool that doesn’t require the use of an agent software on remote nodes, using only SSH and Python to communicate and execute commands on managed servers. This series will walk you through the main Ansible features that you can use to write playbooks for server automation. At the end, we’ll see a practical example of how to create a playbook to automate setting up a remote Nginx web server and deploy a static HTML website to it.

Automating the installation of required system packages is a common operational task in Ansible playbooks, since a typical application stack requires software from different sources.

The apt module manages system packages on Debian-based operating systems such as Ubuntu, the distribution we’re using on remote nodes throughout this guide. The following playbook will update the apt cache and then make sure Vim is installed on remote nodes.

Create a new file called playbook-09.yml in your ansible-practice directory:

nano ~/ansible-practice/playbook-09.yml  

Then add the following lines to the new playbook file:

~/ansible-practice/playbook-09.yml
---
- hosts: all
  become: yes
  tasks:
    - name: Update apt cache and make sure Vim is installed
      apt:
        name: vim
        update_cache: yes
 

Save and close the file when you’re done.

Notice that we’ve included the become directive in the beginning of the play. This is required since installing packages requires administrative system permissions.

Removing a package is done in a similar way, the only change is that you have to define the package state to absent. The state directive has a default value of present, which will make sure that the package is installed on the system, regardless of the version. The package will be installed if not present. To assure you have the latest version of a package, you can use latest instead. This will cause apt to update the requested package if that is not on their latest version.

Remember to provide the -K option when running this playbook, since it requires sudo permissions:

ansible-playbook -i inventory playbook-09.yml -u sammy -K  
Output
BECOME password: PLAY [all] ********************************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************************************** ok: [203.0.113.10] TASK [Update apt cache and make sure Vim is installed] ************************************************** ok: [203.0.113.10] PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************************************** 203.0.113.10 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0

When installing multiple packages, you can use a loop and provide an array containing the names of the packages you want to install. The following playbook will make sure the packages vim, unzip, and curl are installed and in their latest version.

Create a new file called playbook-10.yml in your ansible-practice directory, on your Ansible control node:

nano ~/ansible-practice/playbook-10.yml  

Add the following content to the new playbook file:

~/ansible-practice/playbook-10.yml
---
- hosts: all
  become: yes
  tasks:
    - name: Update apt cache and make sure Vim, Curl and Unzip are installed
      apt:
        name: "{{ item }}"
        update_cache: yes
      loop:
        - vim
        - curl
        - unzip
 

Save and close the file when you have finished.

Then, run ansible-playbook with the same connection arguments from the previous examples, and don’t forget to include the -K option since this playbook requires administrative privileges:

ansible-playbook -i inventory playbook-09.yml -u sammy -K  

You’ll see output like this, indicating that the same task run through three iterations using the different values we have provided: vim, curl, and unzip:

Output
BECOME password: PLAY [all] *************************************************************************************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************************************************************** ok: [203.0.113.10] TASK [Update apt cache and make sure Vim, Curl and Unzip are installed] ************************************************************************** ok: [203.0.113.10] => (item=vim) ok: [203.0.113.10] => (item=curl) changed: [203.0.113.10] => (item=unzip) PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************************************************************** 203.0.113.10 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0

For more details on how to manage system packages, including how to remove packages and how to use advanced apt options, you can refer to the official documentation.


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