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Your First Function

 2 years ago
source link: https://cloud.google.com/functions/docs/first-java
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Your First Function: Java

This guide takes you through the process of writing a Cloud Function using the Java runtime. There are two types of Cloud Functions:

  • An HTTP function, which you invoke from standard HTTP requests.
  • A background function, which you use to handle events from your Cloud infrastructure, such as messages on a Cloud Pub/Sub topic, or changes in a Cloud Storage bucket.

The document shows how to create a simple HTTP function and build it using either Maven or Gradle.

Learn more: For more details, read about HTTP functions and background functions.

Guide structure

Creating a GCP project using Cloud SDK

  1. Sign in to your Google Cloud account. If you're new to Google Cloud, create an account to evaluate how our products perform in real-world scenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and deploy workloads.
  2. In the Google Cloud Console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

    Note: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.

    Go to project selector

  3. Make sure that billing is enabled for your Cloud project. Learn how to confirm that billing is enabled for your project.

  4. Enable the Cloud Functions and Cloud Build APIs.

    Enable the APIs

  5. Install and initialize the Cloud SDK.
  6. Update and install gcloud components:
    gcloud components update

Need a command prompt? You can use the Google Cloud Shell. The Google Cloud Shell is a command line environment that already includes the Google Cloud SDK, so you don't need to install it. The Google Cloud SDK also comes preinstalled on Google Compute Engine Virtual Machines.

Prepare your development environment.

Go to the Java setup guide

Creating a function

This section describes how to create a function.

  1. Create a directory on your local system for the function code:

    Linux or Mac OS X:

     mkdir ~/helloworld
     cd ~/helloworld

    Windows:

     mkdir %HOMEPATH%\helloworld
     cd %HOMEPATH%\helloworld
  2. Create the project structure to contain the source directory and source file.

    mkdir -p src/main/java/functions
    touch src/main/java/functions/HelloWorld.java
  3. Add the following contents to the HelloWorld.java file:


    package functions;

    import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpFunction;
    import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpRequest;
    import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpResponse;
    import java.io.BufferedWriter;
    import java.io.IOException;

    public class HelloWorld implements HttpFunction {
      // Simple function to return "Hello World"
      @Override
      public void service(HttpRequest request, HttpResponse response)
          throws IOException {
        BufferedWriter writer = response.getWriter();
        writer.write("Hello World!");
      }
    }

    This example function outputs the greeting "Hello World!"

Specifying dependencies

The next step is to set up dependencies:

Change directory to the helloworld directory you created above, and create a pom.xml file:

 cd ~/helloworld
 touch pom.xml

To manage dependencies using Maven, specify the dependencies in the <dependencies> section inside the pom.xml file of your project. For this exercise, copy the following contents into your pom.xml file.

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

<groupId>com.example.cloud.functions</groupId>
  <artifactId>functions-hello-world</artifactId>
  <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <properties>
    <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
    <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
  </properties>

<dependencies>
    <!-- Required for Function primitives -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.google.cloud.functions</groupId>
      <artifactId>functions-framework-api</artifactId>
      <version>1.0.4</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

<build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <!--
          Google Cloud Functions Framework Maven plugin

This plugin allows you to run Cloud Functions Java code
          locally. Use the following terminal command to run a
          given function locally:

mvn function:run -Drun.functionTarget=your.package.yourFunction
        -->
        <groupId>com.google.cloud.functions</groupId>
        <artifactId>function-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>0.9.7</version>
        <configuration>
          <functionTarget>functions.HelloWorld</functionTarget>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

See helloworld for a complete sample based on Maven.

Learn more: For more details, read about specifying dependencies.

Building and testing locally

Before deploying the function, you can build and test it locally:

Run the following command to confirm that your function builds:

mvn compile

Another option is to use the mvn package command to compile your Java code, run any tests, and package the code up in a JAR file within the target directory. You can learn more about the Maven build lifecycle here.

To test the function, run the following command:

mvn function:run

If testing completes successfully, it displays the URL you can visit in your web browser to see the function in action: http://localhost:8080/. You should see a Hello World! message.

Alternatively, you can send requests to this function using curl from another terminal window:

curl localhost:8080
# Output: Hello World!

Deploying the function

To deploy the function with an HTTP trigger, run the following command in the helloworld directory:

gcloud functions deploy my-first-function --entry-point functions.HelloWorld --runtime java11 --trigger-http --memory 512MB --allow-unauthenticated

where my-first-function is the registered name by which your function will be identified in the Cloud Console, and --entry-point specifies your function's fully qualified class name (FQN).

Learn more: For more details, read about deploying Cloud Functions.

Testing the deployed function

  1. When the function finishes deploying, take note of the httpsTrigger.url property or find it using the following command:

    gcloud functions describe my-first-function

    It should look like this:

    https://GCP_REGION-PROJECT_ID.cloudfunctions.net/my-first-function
  2. Visit this URL in your browser. You should see a Hello World! message.

Note: You can also find this URL in Cloud Console. Go to the Cloud Functions Overview page, and click the name of your function to open its Function details page. Open the TRIGGER tab to see your function's URL.

Viewing logs

Using the command-line tool

Logs for Cloud Functions are viewable in the Cloud Logging UI, and via the gcloud command-line tool.

To view logs for your function with the gcloud tool, use the logs read command, followed by the name of the function:

gcloud functions logs read my-first-function

The output should resemble the following:

LEVEL  NAME               EXECUTION_ID  TIME_UTC                 LOG
D      my-first-function  k2bqgroszo4u  2020-07-24 18:18:01.791  Function execution started
D      my-first-function  k2bqgroszo4u  2020-07-24 18:18:01.958  Function execution took 168 ms, finished with status code: 200
...
Note: There is typically a slight delay between when log entries are created and when they show up in Cloud Logging.

Using the Logging dashboard

You can also view logs for Cloud Functions from the Cloud Console.

Learn more: For more details, read about writing, viewing, and responding to logs.


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