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• 可迭代对象(Iterable)：若对象定义了 __iter__() 或 __getitem__() 方法，那该对象就是可迭代对象；
• 迭代器(Iterator)：若对象定义了 __next__() 和 __iter__() 方法，那该对象就是迭代器；
• 生成器(Generator)：只要函数的定义中包含 yield 关键字，那么该函数就是生成器。

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可迭代对象

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for i in iterable:
    pass
# 显性调用 iter() 也是可以的，等效
for i in iter(iterable):
    pass

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class EmptyIterator(object):
    def __next__(self):
        raise StopIteration
    def __iter__(self):
        return self

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empty_iterator = EmptyIterator()
for i in empty_iterator:
    pass

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class StrIterator(object):
    def __init__(self, text):
        self.text = text
        self.index = 0
    def __next__(self):
        if self.index < len(self.text):
            ch = self.text[self.index]
            self.index += 1
            return ch
        raise StopIteration
    def __iter__(self):
        return self

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class StrIterator(object):
    def __init__(self, text):
        self.text = text
    def __next__(self):
        for ch in self.text:
            yield ch
    def __iter__(self):
        return self

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class Generator(object):
    def __iter__(self):
        return self
    def __next__(self):
        return self.send(None)
    def send(self, value):
        raise StopIteration
    def throw(self, typ, val=None, tb=None):
        e = typ(val)
        raise e
    def close(self):
        try:
            self.throw(GeneratorExit)
        except (GeneratorExit, StopIteration):
            pass

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