HTML - 容器标签：表格、列表和div等

“结构容器”标签是飞哥自己给的一个定义，意思就是这些标签：主要用做：

• 定义文档结构
• 作为其他标签的容器

^_^，大家将就理解一下吧！

列表（List）

有序列表

<ol> <!--ordered list--> <li>有序列表</li> <!--list item--> <li>无序列表</li> </ol>

无序列表

<ul> <!--unordered list--> <li>有序列表</li> <!--list item--> <li>无序列表</li> </ul>

列表还可以：

嵌套

<ol> <li>有序列表 <ul> <li>我是嵌套项-1</li> <li>我是嵌套项-1</li> </ul> </li> <li>无序列表</li> </ol>

表格（table）

看一下这个表格，3行2列

<!-- row --> h1 <!--table head--> h2 row 1, cell 1 <!--table data cell--> row 1, cell 2 row 2, cell 1 row 2, cell 2

表格的难点在于它的： #### #### 合并单元格 合并，是借用的MS Office中的表述，严格来讲，应该是“跨越”“延伸”（span），可以在单元格（th/td）中使用属性： * colspan：横向（column列）合并 * rowspan：纵向（row行）合并

h1h2 row 1, cell 1 row 1, cell 2 row 2, cell 2 纵向合并理解起来稍稍有点绕，_（__演示__）_

表格在早期被广泛用于页面布局，但在CSS兴起之后逐渐被div所取代。

###

### div和span

div可以理解为一个“块”，页面中的一大块。比如我们一个网页，可以被分为这么几大块：

* 页头：包含了图片logo和导航条 * 正文：放入标题、段落、列表、表格等内容 * 页脚：友情链接等

我们就可以用三个div予以表示：

<div>页头</div> <div>正文</div> <div>页脚</div>

然后每个div中再各自放入相应的元素。 @想一想@ ：为什么要这样做？

div的一个重要特点是：一个div（默认）就会占一行，不管这个div里面的元素/内容有宽。

经常和它相对比的就是span，比如：

<span>我又干啥伤天害理的事了？</span> <span>一脸懵逼</span> <span>。原来他又看到了我以前的一篇文章《为什么我不做培训》（找不到了，难道被我无耻的删了？^_^），然后我马上就想起来了，那篇文章里我写了我的理由，大概就是“怕误人子弟，怕同学们缴了钱学不会……”他们现在在调侃他们也学不会，我知道他们在和我开玩笑，但啪啪打脸的赶脚，啧啧！ </span>

其特点是：一个span的长度由其中的内容决定，有多长就是多长；多个span连接，不足一行的宽度就在一行中拼接，超出一行的宽度就自动换行。 （对比演示） 具有div这种特征的元素就被称之为 块级元素 ，相对的，具有span这种特征的元素就被称之为 流元素 。

这在以后学习CSS中非常有用。

###

### Html5语义标签

大量使用div，导致的一个问题就是：整页都是div，眼睛都看花了……o(╯□╰)o

所以，Html5推出了一批（有特定含义的）语义标签，常用的有：

* header：页头 * nav：导航栏 * main：页面主要部分 * footer：页脚 * article：文章 * section：区域 * aside：侧边栏 * details：细节 * mark：标注 * ……

更多可参考： MDN：HTML5 sections_and_outlines ####

#### 语义化

从浏览器的结果来看，上述html5语义标签和div或span相比，并没有什么区别。

但HTML5提倡使用有语义的标签，而不是div这种（没有任何含义的）无语义的标签，为什么呢？

* 提高代码的可读性。再次强调：代码是写给人看的！开发人员读这些html代码的时候会更舒服一些，这很重要。 * 语义化标签还可以给浏览器以外的： 1. 搜索引擎爬虫用，有助于SEO 2. 其他设备使用，比如盲人阅读器，这时候告诉这一段内容是导航、是文章、是侧边栏……就非常有用

标签语义化只是 HTML5语义化 的一部分，后面我们还要学习更多的语义化属性，如alt/title等 https://github.com/hdfgfgh546... https://www.github.com/hdfgfg... http://github.com/hdfgfgh546/... https://github.com/hdfgfgh546... https://www.github.com/hdfgfg... http://github.com/hdfgfgh546/... https://github.com/hdfgfgh546... https://www.github.com/hdfgfg... http://github.com/hdfgfgh546/... https://github.com/hdfgfgh546... https://www.github.com/hdfgfg... http://github.com/hdfgfgh546/... https://github.com/hdfgfgh546... https://www.github.com/hdfgfg... http://github.com/hdfgfgh546/... https://github.com/hdfgfgh546... https://www.github.com/hdfgfg... http://github.com/hdfgfgh546/... https://github.com/hdfgfgh546... https://www.github.com/hdfgfg... http://github.com/hdfgfgh546/... https://github.com/hdfgfgh546... https://www.github.com/hdfgfg... http://github.com/hdfgfgh546/... https://github.com/hdfgfgh546... https://www.github.com/hdfgfg... http://github.com/hdfgfgh546/... https://github.com/hdfgfgh546... 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