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Faster Floating Point Reductions
source link: https://richardstartin.github.io/posts/faster-floating-point-reductions
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Faster Floating Point Reductions
Feb 18, 2018 | javavectorfloating-point
At the moment, I am working on a hobby project called SplitMap, which aims to evaluate aggregations over complex boolean expressions as fast as possible using the same high level constructs of the streams API. It’s already capable of performing logic that takes vanilla parallel streams 20ms in under 300μs, but I think sub 100μs is possible for these calculations. I have reached the stage where the bottleneck is floating point reductions: Java won’t vectorise these because the result would be numerically unstable. This is a bit limiting, because it often doesn’t matter very much: nobody represents money with floating point numbers, and if you’re solving stiff differential equations it won’t be numerical stability that stops you from using a more suitable language. The reality is, somebody somewhere probably really cares about this, and that’s probably why there’s no fastfp semantics in the language. This ancient proposal lay stagnant before being withdrawn, and several optimisations just can’t be implemented by the JIT compiler without violating language guarantees. An intrinsic for FMA only arrived in Java 9, 15 years after JSR 84 was withdrawn, and vectorised FMA is only available in JDK10, 18 years after JSR 84 was proposed. Computing an average is hardly numerical computing, but Java just isn’t a friendly language for this sort of thing.
Back to SplitMap. At this point, I’ve already maxed out the parallelism I can get from the fork join pool, so I want the code below to vectorise to squeeze out more performance:
private double reduce(double[] data) {
double reduced = 0D;
for (int i = 0; i < data.length; ++i) {
reduced += data[i];
}
return reduced;
}
Looking at this with perfasm, it’s clear that unrolled scalar code is generated:
0.00% 0x000001db0c6f5730: vaddsd xmm0,xmm0,mmword ptr [rdx+rdi*8+10h]
6.17% 0x000001db0c6f5736: vaddsd xmm0,xmm0,mmword ptr [rdx+rdi*8+18h]
6.15% 0x000001db0c6f573c: vaddsd xmm0,xmm0,mmword ptr [rdx+rdi*8+20h]
6.23% 0x000001db0c6f5742: vaddsd xmm0,xmm0,mmword ptr [rdx+rdi*8+28h]
6.16% 0x000001db0c6f5748: vaddsd xmm0,xmm0,mmword ptr [rdx+rdi*8+30h]
6.37% 0x000001db0c6f574e: vaddsd xmm0,xmm0,mmword ptr [rdx+rdi*8+38h]
6.22% 0x000001db0c6f5754: vaddsd xmm0,xmm0,mmword ptr [rdx+rdi*8+40h]
6.21% 0x000001db0c6f575a: vaddsd xmm0,xmm0,mmword ptr [rdx+rdi*8+48h]
6.11% 0x000001db0c6f5760: vaddsd xmm0,xmm0,mmword ptr [rdx+rdi*8+50h]
6.18% 0x000001db0c6f5766: vaddsd xmm0,xmm0,mmword ptr [rdx+rdi*8+58h]
6.18% 0x000001db0c6f576c: vaddsd xmm0,xmm0,mmword ptr [rdx+rdi*8+60h]
6.30% 0x000001db0c6f5772: vaddsd xmm0,xmm0,mmword ptr [rdx+rdi*8+68h]
6.23% 0x000001db0c6f5778: vaddsd xmm0,xmm0,mmword ptr [rdx+rdi*8+70h]
6.33% 0x000001db0c6f577e: vaddsd xmm0,xmm0,mmword ptr [rdx+rdi*8+78h]
6.25% 0x000001db0c6f5784: vaddsd xmm0,xmm0,mmword ptr [rdx+rdi*8+80h]
6.31% 0x000001db0c6f578d: vaddsd xmm0,xmm0,mmword ptr [rdx+rdi*8+88h]
Let’s do something really dumb - allocate an array! Then I’ll reduce vertically onto it, and do a small horizontal reduction at the end.
@Benchmark
public double reduceBuffered() {
double[] buffer = new double[1024];
for (int i = 0; i < data.length; ++i) {
buffer[i & 1023] += data[i];
}
return reduce(buffer);
}
I benchmarked this against reduce. Using size 1024 as a sanity check, it’s clear the work is just being done twice, which is reassuring. Once the array gets a bit bigger, the gains of (what I think should be) the faster vertical reduction prior to the horizontal reduction pays for the array allocation.
Benchmark
Mode
Threads
Samples
Score
Score Error (99.9%)
Unit
Param: size
reduceBuffered
thrpt
1
10
333.990079
3.542656
ops/ms
1024
reduceBuffered
thrpt
1
10
18.639314
0.488300
ops/ms
65536
reduceBuffered
thrpt
1
10
9.313916
0.343261
ops/ms
131072
reduceSimple
thrpt
1
10
656.408971
1.771530
ops/ms
1024
reduceSimple
thrpt
1
10
9.840417
0.032713
ops/ms
65536
reduceSimple
thrpt
1
10
4.881353
0.076707
ops/ms
131072
The code in reduceBuffered produces a slightly different result because the elements are summated in a different order, though you’re hardly likely to notice. While, by any pragmatic definition, the function performs the same operation, it is semantically different. C2 actually doesn’t vectorise this code, and I have no idea why it’s so much faster! I won’t dwell on this because this is a dead end. In any case, here’s the perfasm output:
0.20% 0x000001eaf2e49f50: vmovsd xmm0,qword ptr [rdx+r9*8+10h]
0.27% 0x000001eaf2e49f57: mov ebx,r9d
1.95% 0x000001eaf2e49f5a: add ebx,0fh
0.36% 0x000001eaf2e49f5d: and ebx,3ffh
0.21% 0x000001eaf2e49f63: mov ecx,r9d
0.30% 0x000001eaf2e49f66: and ecx,3ffh ;*iand {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.ReduceArray::reduceBuffered@22 (line 36)
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.generated.ReduceArray_reduceBuffered_jmhTest::reduceBuffered_thrpt_jmhStub@17 (line 119)
2.96% 0x000001eaf2e49f6c: vaddsd xmm0,xmm0,mmword ptr [r8+rcx*8+10h]
0.61% 0x000001eaf2e49f73: vmovsd qword ptr [r8+rcx*8+10h],xmm0
;*dastore {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.ReduceArray::reduceBuffered@32 (line 36)
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.generated.ReduceArray_reduceBuffered_jmhTest::reduceBuffered_thrpt_jmhStub@17 (line 119)
0.50% 0x000001eaf2e49f7a: mov ecx,r9d
1.78% 0x000001eaf2e49f7d: inc ecx
0.37% 0x000001eaf2e49f7f: and ecx,3ffh ;*iand {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.ReduceArray::reduceBuffered@22 (line 36)
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.generated.ReduceArray_reduceBuffered_jmhTest::reduceBuffered_thrpt_jmhStub@17 (line 119)
0.17% 0x000001eaf2e49f85: vmovsd xmm0,qword ptr [r8+rcx*8+10h]
0.49% 0x000001eaf2e49f8c: vaddsd xmm0,xmm0,mmword ptr [rdx+r9*8+18h]
2.51% 0x000001eaf2e49f93: vmovsd qword ptr [r8+rcx*8+10h],xmm0
;*dastore {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.ReduceArray::reduceBuffered@32 (line 36)
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.generated.ReduceArray_reduceBuffered_jmhTest::reduceBuffered_thrpt_jmhStub@17 (line 119)
1.21% 0x000001eaf2e49f9a: mov ecx,r9d
0.34% 0x000001eaf2e49f9d: add ecx,2h
0.90% 0x000001eaf2e49fa0: and ecx,3ffh ;*iand {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.ReduceArray::reduceBuffered@22 (line 36)
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.generated.ReduceArray_reduceBuffered_jmhTest::reduceBuffered_thrpt_jmhStub@17 (line 119)
0.32% 0x000001eaf2e49fa6: vmovsd xmm0,qword ptr [r8+rcx*8+10h]
1.28% 0x000001eaf2e49fad: vaddsd xmm0,xmm0,mmword ptr [rdx+r9*8+20h]
1.43% 0x000001eaf2e49fb4: vmovsd qword ptr [r8+rcx*8+10h],xmm0
;*dastore {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.ReduceArray::reduceBuffered@32 (line 36)
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.generated.ReduceArray_reduceBuffered_jmhTest::reduceBuffered_thrpt_jmhStub@17 (line 119)
1.38% 0x000001eaf2e49fbb: vmovsd xmm0,qword ptr [rdx+r9*8+28h]
0.47% 0x000001eaf2e49fc2: mov ecx,r9d
0.28% 0x000001eaf2e49fc5: add ecx,3h
0.77% 0x000001eaf2e49fc8: and ecx,3ffh ;*iand {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.ReduceArray::reduceBuffered@22 (line 36)
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.generated.ReduceArray_reduceBuffered_jmhTest::reduceBuffered_thrpt_jmhStub@17 (line 119)
1.34% 0x000001eaf2e49fce: vaddsd xmm0,xmm0,mmword ptr [r8+rcx*8+10h]
0.93% 0x000001eaf2e49fd5: vmovsd qword ptr [r8+rcx*8+10h],xmm0
;*dastore {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.ReduceArray::reduceBuffered@32 (line 36)
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.generated.ReduceArray_reduceBuffered_jmhTest::reduceBuffered_thrpt_jmhStub@17 (line 119)
1.36% 0x000001eaf2e49fdc: mov ecx,r9d
0.75% 0x000001eaf2e49fdf: add ecx,4h
0.43% 0x000001eaf2e49fe2: and ecx,3ffh ;*iand {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.ReduceArray::reduceBuffered@22 (line 36)
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.generated.ReduceArray_reduceBuffered_jmhTest::reduceBuffered_thrpt_jmhStub@17 (line 119)
0.32% 0x000001eaf2e49fe8: vmovsd xmm0,qword ptr [r8+rcx*8+10h]
1.32% 0x000001eaf2e49fef: vaddsd xmm0,xmm0,mmword ptr [rdx+r9*8+30h]
1.32% 0x000001eaf2e49ff6: vmovsd qword ptr [r8+rcx*8+10h],xmm0
;*dastore {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.ReduceArray::reduceBuffered@32 (line 36)
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.generated.ReduceArray_reduceBuffered_jmhTest::reduceBuffered_thrpt_jmhStub@17 (line 119)
1.24% 0x000001eaf2e49ffd: mov ecx,r9d
0.40% 0x000001eaf2e4a000: add ecx,5h
0.79% 0x000001eaf2e4a003: and ecx,3ffh ;*iand {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.ReduceArray::reduceBuffered@22 (line 36)
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.generated.ReduceArray_reduceBuffered_jmhTest::reduceBuffered_thrpt_jmhStub@17 (line 119)
0.46% 0x000001eaf2e4a009: vmovsd xmm0,qword ptr [r8+rcx*8+10h]
1.22% 0x000001eaf2e4a010: vaddsd xmm0,xmm0,mmword ptr [rdx+r9*8+38h]
4.18% 0x000001eaf2e4a017: vmovsd qword ptr [r8+rcx*8+10h],xmm0
;*dastore {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.ReduceArray::reduceBuffered@32 (line 36)
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.generated.ReduceArray_reduceBuffered_jmhTest::reduceBuffered_thrpt_jmhStub@17 (line 119)
1.61% 0x000001eaf2e4a01e: mov ecx,r9d
0.24% 0x000001eaf2e4a021: add ecx,6h
0.34% 0x000001eaf2e4a024: and ecx,3ffh ;*iand {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.ReduceArray::reduceBuffered@22 (line 36)
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.generated.ReduceArray_reduceBuffered_jmhTest::reduceBuffered_thrpt_jmhStub@17 (line 119)
0.69% 0x000001eaf2e4a02a: vmovsd xmm0,qword ptr [r8+rcx*8+10h]
1.55% 0x000001eaf2e4a031: vaddsd xmm0,xmm0,mmword ptr [rdx+r9*8+40h]
0.95% 0x000001eaf2e4a038: vmovsd qword ptr [r8+rcx*8+10h],xmm0
;*dastore {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.ReduceArray::reduceBuffered@32 (line 36)
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.generated.ReduceArray_reduceBuffered_jmhTest::reduceBuffered_thrpt_jmhStub@17 (line 119)
1.97% 0x000001eaf2e4a03f: mov ecx,r9d
0.37% 0x000001eaf2e4a042: add ecx,7h
0.20% 0x000001eaf2e4a045: and ecx,3ffh ;*iand {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.ReduceArray::reduceBuffered@22 (line 36)
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.generated.ReduceArray_reduceBuffered_jmhTest::reduceBuffered_thrpt_jmhStub@17 (line 119)
0.32% 0x000001eaf2e4a04b: vmovsd xmm0,qword ptr [r8+rcx*8+10h]
1.95% 0x000001eaf2e4a052: vaddsd xmm0,xmm0,mmword ptr [rdx+r9*8+48h]
0.92% 0x000001eaf2e4a059: vmovsd qword ptr [r8+rcx*8+10h],xmm0
;*dastore {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.ReduceArray::reduceBuffered@32 (line 36)
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.generated.ReduceArray_reduceBuffered_jmhTest::reduceBuffered_thrpt_jmhStub@17 (line 119)
1.95% 0x000001eaf2e4a060: mov ecx,r9d
0.42% 0x000001eaf2e4a063: add ecx,8h
0.35% 0x000001eaf2e4a066: and ecx,3ffh ;*iand {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.ReduceArray::reduceBuffered@22 (line 36)
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.generated.ReduceArray_reduceBuffered_jmhTest::reduceBuffered_thrpt_jmhStub@17 (line 119)
0.20% 0x000001eaf2e4a06c: vmovsd xmm0,qword ptr [r8+rcx*8+10h]
1.97% 0x000001eaf2e4a073: vaddsd xmm0,xmm0,mmword ptr [rdx+r9*8+50h]
1.22% 0x000001eaf2e4a07a: vmovsd qword ptr [r8+rcx*8+10h],xmm0
;*dastore {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.ReduceArray::reduceBuffered@32 (line 36)
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.generated.ReduceArray_reduceBuffered_jmhTest::reduceBuffered_thrpt_jmhStub@17 (line 119)
1.67% 0x000001eaf2e4a081: mov ecx,r9d
0.48% 0x000001eaf2e4a084: add ecx,9h
0.39% 0x000001eaf2e4a087: and ecx,3ffh ;*iand {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.ReduceArray::reduceBuffered@22 (line 36)
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.generated.ReduceArray_reduceBuffered_jmhTest::reduceBuffered_thrpt_jmhStub@17 (line 119)
0.32% 0x000001eaf2e4a08d: vmovsd xmm0,qword ptr [r8+rcx*8+10h]
1.66% 0x000001eaf2e4a094: vaddsd xmm0,xmm0,mmword ptr [rdx+r9*8+58h]
1.14% 0x000001eaf2e4a09b: vmovsd qword ptr [r8+rcx*8+10h],xmm0
;*dastore {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.ReduceArray::reduceBuffered@32 (line 36)
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.generated.ReduceArray_reduceBuffered_jmhTest::reduceBuffered_thrpt_jmhStub@17 (line 119)
1.45% 0x000001eaf2e4a0a2: mov ecx,r9d
0.65% 0x000001eaf2e4a0a5: add ecx,0ah
0.49% 0x000001eaf2e4a0a8: and ecx,3ffh ;*iand {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.ReduceArray::reduceBuffered@22 (line 36)
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.generated.ReduceArray_reduceBuffered_jmhTest::reduceBuffered_thrpt_jmhStub@17 (line 119)
0.39% 0x000001eaf2e4a0ae: vmovsd xmm0,qword ptr [r8+rcx*8+10h]
1.45% 0x000001eaf2e4a0b5: vaddsd xmm0,xmm0,mmword ptr [rdx+r9*8+60h]
1.32% 0x000001eaf2e4a0bc: vmovsd qword ptr [r8+rcx*8+10h],xmm0
;*dastore {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.ReduceArray::reduceBuffered@32 (line 36)
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.generated.ReduceArray_reduceBuffered_jmhTest::reduceBuffered_thrpt_jmhStub@17 (line 119)
1.39% 0x000001eaf2e4a0c3: mov ecx,r9d
0.39% 0x000001eaf2e4a0c6: add ecx,0bh
0.65% 0x000001eaf2e4a0c9: and ecx,3ffh ;*iand {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.ReduceArray::reduceBuffered@22 (line 36)
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.generated.ReduceArray_reduceBuffered_jmhTest::reduceBuffered_thrpt_jmhStub@17 (line 119)
0.53% 0x000001eaf2e4a0cf: vmovsd xmm0,qword ptr [r8+rcx*8+10h]
1.37% 0x000001eaf2e4a0d6: vaddsd xmm0,xmm0,mmword ptr [rdx+r9*8+68h]
1.22% 0x000001eaf2e4a0dd: vmovsd qword ptr [r8+rcx*8+10h],xmm0
;*dastore {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.ReduceArray::reduceBuffered@32 (line 36)
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.generated.ReduceArray_reduceBuffered_jmhTest::reduceBuffered_thrpt_jmhStub@17 (line 119)
1.46% 0x000001eaf2e4a0e4: mov ecx,r9d
0.42% 0x000001eaf2e4a0e7: add ecx,0ch
0.40% 0x000001eaf2e4a0ea: and ecx,3ffh ;*iand {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.ReduceArray::reduceBuffered@22 (line 36)
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.generated.ReduceArray_reduceBuffered_jmhTest::reduceBuffered_thrpt_jmhStub@17 (line 119)
0.60% 0x000001eaf2e4a0f0: vmovsd xmm0,qword ptr [r8+rcx*8+10h]
1.47% 0x000001eaf2e4a0f7: vaddsd xmm0,xmm0,mmword ptr [rdx+r9*8+70h]
1.04% 0x000001eaf2e4a0fe: vmovsd qword ptr [r8+rcx*8+10h],xmm0
;*dastore {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.ReduceArray::reduceBuffered@32 (line 36)
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.generated.ReduceArray_reduceBuffered_jmhTest::reduceBuffered_thrpt_jmhStub@17 (line 119)
1.74% 0x000001eaf2e4a105: mov ecx,r9d
0.37% 0x000001eaf2e4a108: add ecx,0dh
0.43% 0x000001eaf2e4a10b: and ecx,3ffh ;*iand {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.ReduceArray::reduceBuffered@22 (line 36)
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.generated.ReduceArray_reduceBuffered_jmhTest::reduceBuffered_thrpt_jmhStub@17 (line 119)
0.36% 0x000001eaf2e4a111: vmovsd xmm0,qword ptr [r8+rcx*8+10h]
1.68% 0x000001eaf2e4a118: vaddsd xmm0,xmm0,mmword ptr [rdx+r9*8+78h]
2.82% 0x000001eaf2e4a11f: vmovsd qword ptr [r8+rcx*8+10h],xmm0
;*dastore {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.ReduceArray::reduceBuffered@32 (line 36)
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.generated.ReduceArray_reduceBuffered_jmhTest::reduceBuffered_thrpt_jmhStub@17 (line 119)
2.04% 0x000001eaf2e4a126: mov ecx,r9d
0.19% 0x000001eaf2e4a129: add ecx,0eh
0.29% 0x000001eaf2e4a12c: and ecx,3ffh ;*iand {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.ReduceArray::reduceBuffered@22 (line 36)
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.generated.ReduceArray_reduceBuffered_jmhTest::reduceBuffered_thrpt_jmhStub@17 (line 119)
0.36% 0x000001eaf2e4a132: vmovsd xmm0,qword ptr [r8+rcx*8+10h]
2.02% 0x000001eaf2e4a139: vaddsd xmm0,xmm0,mmword ptr [rdx+r9*8+80h]
0.76% 0x000001eaf2e4a143: vmovsd qword ptr [r8+rcx*8+10h],xmm0
1.99% 0x000001eaf2e4a14a: vmovsd xmm0,qword ptr [rdx+r9*8+88h]
0.39% 0x000001eaf2e4a154: vaddsd xmm0,xmm0,mmword ptr [r8+rbx*8+10h]
0.56% 0x000001eaf2e4a15b: vmovsd qword ptr [r8+rbx*8+10h],xmm0
;*dastore {reexecute=0 rethrow=0 return_oop=0}
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.ReduceArray::reduceBuffered@32 (line 36)
; - com.openkappa.simd.reduction.generated.ReduceArray_reduceBuffered_jmhTest::reduceBuffered_thrpt_jmhStub@17 (line 119)
Using the same idea, but employing a trick I’ve used before for matrix multiplication, the code gets a lot faster!
@Benchmark
public double reduceVectorised() {
double[] buffer = new double[1024];
double[] temp = new double[1024];
for (int i = 0; i < data.length >>> 10; ++i) {
System.arraycopy(data, i * 1024, temp, 0, temp.length);
for (int j = 0; j < 1024; ++j) {
buffer[j] += temp[j];
}
}
return reduce(buffer);
}
This generates a vectorised main loop:
0.05% 0x000001e3fc0d71e0: vmovdqu ymm0,ymmword ptr [r9+r10*8+10h]
0.16% 0x000001e3fc0d71e7: vaddpd ymm0,ymm0,ymmword ptr [r13+r10*8+10h]
1.26% 0x000001e3fc0d71ee: vmovdqu ymmword ptr [r13+r10*8+10h],ymm0
0.39% 0x000001e3fc0d71f5: vmovdqu ymm0,ymmword ptr [r9+r10*8+30h]
0.18% 0x000001e3fc0d71fc: vaddpd ymm0,ymm0,ymmword ptr [r13+r10*8+30h]
0.93% 0x000001e3fc0d7203: vmovdqu ymmword ptr [r13+r10*8+30h],ymm0
0.68% 0x000001e3fc0d720a: vmovdqu ymm0,ymmword ptr [r9+r10*8+50h]
0.17% 0x000001e3fc0d7211: vaddpd ymm0,ymm0,ymmword ptr [r13+r10*8+50h]
0.86% 0x000001e3fc0d7218: vmovdqu ymmword ptr [r13+r10*8+50h],ymm0
0.73% 0x000001e3fc0d721f: vmovdqu ymm0,ymmword ptr [r9+r10*8+70h]
0.19% 0x000001e3fc0d7226: vaddpd ymm0,ymm0,ymmword ptr [r13+r10*8+70h]
0.86% 0x000001e3fc0d722d: vmovdqu ymmword ptr [r13+r10*8+70h],ymm0
0.78% 0x000001e3fc0d7234: vmovdqu ymm0,ymmword ptr [r9+r10*8+90h]
0.17% 0x000001e3fc0d723e: vaddpd ymm0,ymm0,ymmword ptr [r13+r10*8+90h]
0.75% 0x000001e3fc0d7248: vmovdqu ymmword ptr [r13+r10*8+90h],ymm0
0.84% 0x000001e3fc0d7252: vmovdqu ymm0,ymmword ptr [r9+r10*8+0b0h]
0.15% 0x000001e3fc0d725c: vaddpd ymm0,ymm0,ymmword ptr [r13+r10*8+0b0h]
0.64% 0x000001e3fc0d7266: vmovdqu ymmword ptr [r13+r10*8+0b0h],ymm0
0.92% 0x000001e3fc0d7270: vmovdqu ymm0,ymmword ptr [r9+r10*8+0d0h]
0.15% 0x000001e3fc0d727a: vaddpd ymm0,ymm0,ymmword ptr [r13+r10*8+0d0h]
0.71% 0x000001e3fc0d7284: vmovdqu ymmword ptr [r13+r10*8+0d0h],ymm0
0.91% 0x000001e3fc0d728e: vmovdqu ymm0,ymmword ptr [r9+r10*8+0f0h]
0.15% 0x000001e3fc0d7298: vaddpd ymm0,ymm0,ymmword ptr [r13+r10*8+0f0h]
0.74% 0x000001e3fc0d72a2: vmovdqu ymmword ptr [r13+r10*8+0f0h],ymm0
0.96% 0x000001e3fc0d72ac: vmovdqu ymm0,ymmword ptr [r9+r10*8+110h]
0.12% 0x000001e3fc0d72b6: vaddpd ymm0,ymm0,ymmword ptr [r13+r10*8+110h]
0.70% 0x000001e3fc0d72c0: vmovdqu ymmword ptr [r13+r10*8+110h],ymm0
0.99% 0x000001e3fc0d72ca: vmovdqu ymm0,ymmword ptr [r9+r10*8+130h]
0.13% 0x000001e3fc0d72d4: vaddpd ymm0,ymm0,ymmword ptr [r13+r10*8+130h]
0.71% 0x000001e3fc0d72de: vmovdqu ymmword ptr [r13+r10*8+130h],ymm0
0.94% 0x000001e3fc0d72e8: vmovdqu ymm0,ymmword ptr [r9+r10*8+150h]
0.12% 0x000001e3fc0d72f2: vaddpd ymm0,ymm0,ymmword ptr [r13+r10*8+150h]
0.70% 0x000001e3fc0d72fc: vmovdqu ymmword ptr [r13+r10*8+150h],ymm0
1.01% 0x000001e3fc0d7306: vmovdqu ymm0,ymmword ptr [r9+r10*8+170h]
0.14% 0x000001e3fc0d7310: vaddpd ymm0,ymm0,ymmword ptr [r13+r10*8+170h]
0.75% 0x000001e3fc0d731a: vmovdqu ymmword ptr [r13+r10*8+170h],ymm0
1.00% 0x000001e3fc0d7324: vmovdqu ymm0,ymmword ptr [r9+r10*8+190h]
0.13% 0x000001e3fc0d732e: vaddpd ymm0,ymm0,ymmword ptr [r13+r10*8+190h]
0.67% 0x000001e3fc0d7338: vmovdqu ymmword ptr [r13+r10*8+190h],ymm0
0.97% 0x000001e3fc0d7342: vmovdqu ymm0,ymmword ptr [r9+r10*8+1b0h]
0.14% 0x000001e3fc0d734c: vaddpd ymm0,ymm0,ymmword ptr [r13+r10*8+1b0h]
0.72% 0x000001e3fc0d7356: vmovdqu ymmword ptr [r13+r10*8+1b0h],ymm0
0.99% 0x000001e3fc0d7360: vmovdqu ymm0,ymmword ptr [r9+r10*8+1d0h]
0.12% 0x000001e3fc0d736a: vaddpd ymm0,ymm0,ymmword ptr [r13+r10*8+1d0h]
0.69% 0x000001e3fc0d7374: vmovdqu ymmword ptr [r13+r10*8+1d0h],ymm0
0.96% 0x000001e3fc0d737e: vmovdqu ymm0,ymmword ptr [r9+r10*8+1f0h]
0.14% 0x000001e3fc0d7388: vaddpd ymm0,ymm0,ymmword ptr [r13+r10*8+1f0h]
0.70% 0x000001e3fc0d7392: vmovdqu ymmword ptr [r13+r10*8+1f0h],ymm0
This implementation is more than 3x faster than the original code, which includes the fuss of the buffers and copies. Wouldn’t it be nice to be able to opt in to fast floating point semantics somehow? Here are the final results (as usual, this is a throughput benchmark and higher is better):
Benchmark
Mode
Threads
Samples
Score
Score Error (99.9%)
Unit
Param: size
reduceBuffered
thrpt
1
10
329.935462
6.295871
ops/ms
1024
reduceBuffered
thrpt
1
10
18.380467
0.455724
ops/ms
65536
reduceBuffered
thrpt
1
10
9.257122
0.402876
ops/ms
131072
reduceSimple
thrpt
1
10
654.809021
5.812795
ops/ms
1024
reduceSimple
thrpt
1
10
9.694730
0.325011
ops/ms
65536
reduceSimple
thrpt
1
10
4.772520
0.265691
ops/ms
131072
reduceVectorised
thrpt
1
10
287.712794
27.492846
ops/ms
1024
reduceVectorised
thrpt
1
10
34.454235
1.293985
ops/ms
65536
reduceVectorised
thrpt
1
10
17.867701
0.813367
ops/ms
131072
The benchmark is on github.
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