11

24个解决实际问题的ES6代码片段

 4 years ago
source link: https://juejin.im/post/5e33fd8451882526b6456270
Go to the source link to view the article. You can view the picture content, updated content and better typesetting reading experience. If the link is broken, please click the button below to view the snapshot at that time.

24个解决实际问题的ES6代码片段

原文: dev.to/madarsbiss/…
作者: Madza

这是从30 seconds of code中挑出来的非常有用的一些代码片段,这是一个非常棒的项目,大家可以去github上去搜索一下,给个star。 在本文中,我试图根据它们的实际用途对它们进行分类,回答您在项目中可能遇到的常见问题:

1.如何隐藏指定的所有元素?

const hide = (...el) => [...el].forEach(e => (e.style.display = 'none'));

// Example
hide(document.querySelectorAll('img')); // Hides all <img> elements on the page
复制代码

2.如何检查元素是否具有指定的类?

const hasClass = (el, className) => el.classList.contains(className);

// Example
hasClass(document.querySelector('p.special'), 'special'); // true
复制代码

3.如何为元素切换类?

const toggleClass = (el, className) => el.classList.toggle(className);

// Example
toggleClass(document.querySelector('p.special'), 'special'); 
// The paragraph will not have the 'special' class anymore
复制代码

这里使用了classList.toggle()方法

toggle( String [, force] ) 当只有一个参数时:切换类值;也就是说,即如果类值存在,则删除它并返回 false,如果不存在,则添加它并返回 true。 当存在第二个参数时:若第二个参数的执行结果为 true,则添加指定的类值,若执行结果为 false,则删除它。

4.如何获取当前页面的滚动位置?

const getScrollPosition = (el = window) => ({
  x: el.pageXOffset !== undefined ? el.pageXOffset : el.scrollLeft,
  y: el.pageYOffset !== undefined ? el.pageYOffset : el.scrollTop
});

// Example
getScrollPosition(); // {x: 0, y: 200}
复制代码

5.如何平滑滚动到页面顶部?

const scrollToTop = () => {
  const c = document.documentElement.scrollTop || document.body.scrollTop;
  if (c > 0) {
    window.requestAnimationFrame(scrollToTop);
    window.scrollTo(0, c - c / 8);
  }
};

// Example
scrollToTop();
复制代码

递归的方法不断调用使用scrollToTop(),requestAnimationFrame方法告诉浏览器——你希望执行一个动画,并且要求浏览器在下次重绘之前调用指定的回调函数更新动画。它的回调函数执行次数通常与浏览器屏幕刷新次数相匹配,所以效果会比较平滑。

获取当前页面滚动条纵坐标的位置:document.body.scrollTop与document.documentElement.scrollTop

获取当前页面滚动条横坐标的位置:document.body.scrollLeft与document.documentElement.scrollLeft

6.如何检查父元素是否包含子元素?

const elementContains = (parent, child) => parent !== child && parent.contains(child);

// Examples
elementContains(document.querySelector('head'), document.querySelector('title')); 
// true
elementContains(document.querySelector('body'), document.querySelector('body')); // false
复制代码

7.如何检查指定的元素在视口中是否可见?

const elementIsVisibleInViewport = (el, partiallyVisible = false) => {
  const { top, left, bottom, right } = el.getBoundingClientRect();
  const { innerHeight, innerWidth } = window;
  return partiallyVisible
    ? ((top > 0 && top < innerHeight) || (bottom > 0 && bottom < innerHeight)) &&
        ((left > 0 && left < innerWidth) || (right > 0 && right < innerWidth))
    : top >= 0 && left >= 0 && bottom <= innerHeight && right <= innerWidth;
};

// Examples
elementIsVisibleInViewport(el); // (not fully visible)
elementIsVisibleInViewport(el, true); // (partially visible)
复制代码

传入partiallyVisible参数,区分判断是是部分可见还是全部可见。

Element.getBoundingClientRect()方法返回元素的大小及其相对于视口的位置。

8.如何获取元素中的所有图像?

const getImages = (el, includeDuplicates = false) => {
  const images = [...el.getElementsByTagName('img')].map(img => img.getAttribute('src'));
  return includeDuplicates ? images : [...new Set(images)];
};

// Examples
getImages(document, true); // ['image1.jpg', 'image2.png', 'image1.png', '...']
getImages(document, false); // ['image1.jpg', 'image2.png', '...']
复制代码

9.如何确定设备是移动设备还是台式机/笔记本电脑?

const detectDeviceType = () =>
  /Android|webOS|iPhone|iPad|iPod|BlackBerry|IEMobile|Opera Mini/i.test(navigator.userAgent)
    ? 'Mobile'
    : 'Desktop';

// Example
detectDeviceType(); // "Mobile" or "Desktop"
复制代码

10.如何获取当前URL

const currentURL = () => window.location.href;

// Example
currentURL(); // 'https://google.com'
复制代码

11.如何创建包含当前URL参数的对象?

const getURLParameters = url =>
  (url.match(/([^?=&]+)(=([^&]*))/g) || []).reduce(
    (a, v) => ((a[v.slice(0, v.indexOf('='))] = v.slice(v.indexOf('=') + 1)), a),
    {}
  );

// Examples
getURLParameters('http://url.com/page?n=Adam&s=Smith'); // {n: 'Adam', s: 'Smith'}
getURLParameters('google.com'); // {}
复制代码

12.如何将一组表单元素编码为对象?

const formToObject = form =>
  Array.from(new FormData(form)).reduce(
    (acc, [key, value]) => ({
      ...acc,
      [key]: value
    }),
    {}
  );

// Example
formToObject(document.querySelector('#form')); // { email: '[email protected]', name: 'Test Name' }
复制代码

Array.from方法用于将两类对象转为真正的数组。类似数组的对象(array-like object)和可遍历(iterable)的对象(包括 ES6 新增的数据结构 Set 和 Map)。 reducer 函数接收4个参数:

  • Accumulator (acc) (累计器)
  • Current Value (cur) (当前值)
  • Current Index (idx) (当前索引)
  • Source Array (src) (源数组)

13.如何从对象中检索出给定的一组属性?

const get = (from, ...selectors) =>
  [...selectors].map(s =>
    s
      .replace(/\[([^\[\]]*)\]/g, '.$1.')
      .split('.')
      .filter(t => t !== '')
      .reduce((prev, cur) => prev && prev[cur], from)
  );
const obj = { selector: { to: { val: 'val to select' } }, target: [1, 2, { a: 'test' }] };

// Example
get(obj, 'selector.to.val', 'target[0]', 'target[2].a'); // ['val to select', 1, 'test']
复制代码

14.延迟调用提供的函数(以毫秒为单位)

const delay = (fn, wait, ...args) => setTimeout(fn, wait, ...args);
delay(
  function(text) {
    console.log(text);
  },
  1000,
  'later'
); 

// Logs 'later' after one second.
复制代码

15.如何在给定元素上触发特定事件,并可选地传递自定义数据?

const triggerEvent = (el, eventType, detail) =>
  el.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(eventType, { detail }));

// Examples
triggerEvent(document.getElementById('myId'), 'click');
triggerEvent(document.getElementById('myId'), 'click', { username: 'bob' });
复制代码

构造方法 CustomerEvent() 创建一个新的 CustomEvent 对象。 CustomEvent 事件是由程序创建的,可以有任意自定义功能的事件。

16.如何从元素中移除事件侦听器?

const off = (el, evt, fn, opts = false) => el.removeEventListener(evt, fn, opts);

const fn = () => console.log('!');
document.body.addEventListener('click', fn);
off(document.body, 'click', fn); // no longer logs '!' upon clicking on the page
复制代码

17.将给定的毫秒数转换为可读格式

const formatDuration = ms => {
  if (ms < 0) ms = -ms;
  const time = {
    day: Math.floor(ms / 86400000),
    hour: Math.floor(ms / 3600000) % 24,
    minute: Math.floor(ms / 60000) % 60,
    second: Math.floor(ms / 1000) % 60,
    millisecond: Math.floor(ms) % 1000
  };
  return Object.entries(time)
    .filter(val => val[1] !== 0)
    .map(([key, val]) => `${val} ${key}${val !== 1 ? 's' : ''}`)
    .join(', ');
};

// Examples
formatDuration(1001); // '1 second, 1 millisecond'
formatDuration(34325055574); // '397 days, 6 hours, 44 minutes, 15 seconds, 574 milliseconds'
复制代码

18.如何得到两个日期之间的差异(以天为单位)

const getDaysDiffBetweenDates = (dateInitial, dateFinal) =>
  (dateFinal - dateInitial) / (1000 * 3600 * 24);

// Example
getDaysDiffBetweenDates(new Date('2017-12-13'), new Date('2017-12-22')); // 9
复制代码

19.如何对传递的URL发出GET请求

const httpGet = (url, callback, err = console.error) => {
  const request = new XMLHttpRequest();
  request.open('GET', url, true);
  request.onload = () => callback(request.responseText);
  request.onerror = () => err(request);
  request.send();
};

httpGet(
  'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1',
  console.log
); 

// Logs: {"userId": 1, "id": 1, "title": "sample title", "body": "my text"}
复制代码

20.如何对传递的URL发出POST请求?

const httpPost = (url, data, callback, err = console.error) => {
  const request = new XMLHttpRequest();
  request.open('POST', url, true);
  request.setRequestHeader('Content-type', 'application/json; charset=utf-8');
  request.onload = () => callback(request.responseText);
  request.onerror = () => err(request);
  request.send(data);
};

const newPost = {
  userId: 1,
  id: 1337,
  title: 'Foo',
  body: 'bar bar bar'
};
const data = JSON.stringify(newPost);
httpPost(
  'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts',
  data,
  console.log
); 

// Logs: {"userId": 1, "id": 1337, "title": "Foo", "body": "bar bar bar"}
复制代码

21. 如何为指定的选择器创建具有指定范围、步骤和持续时间的计数器?

const counter = (selector, start, end, step = 1, duration = 2000) => {
  let current = start,
    _step = (end - start) * step < 0 ? -step : step,
    timer = setInterval(() => {
      current += _step;
      document.querySelector(selector).innerHTML = current;
      if (current >= end) document.querySelector(selector).innerHTML = end;
      if (current >= end) clearInterval(timer);
    }, Math.abs(Math.floor(duration / (end - start))));
  return timer;
};

// Example
counter('#my-id', 1, 1000, 5, 2000); // Creates a 2-second timer for the element with id="my-id"
复制代码

22.如何将字符串复制到剪贴板

const copyToClipboard = str => {
  const el = document.createElement('textarea');
  el.value = str;
  el.setAttribute('readonly', '');
  el.style.position = 'absolute';
  el.style.left = '-9999px';
  document.body.appendChild(el);
  const selected =
    document.getSelection().rangeCount > 0 ? document.getSelection().getRangeAt(0) : false;
  el.select();
  document.execCommand('copy');
  document.body.removeChild(el);
  if (selected) {
    document.getSelection().removeAllRanges();
    document.getSelection().addRange(selected);
  }
};

// Example
copyToClipboard('Lorem ipsum'); // 'Lorem ipsum' copied to clipboard.
复制代码

document.getSelection()返回一个 Selection 对象,表示用户选择的文本范围或光标的当前位置。

23.判断页面的浏览器选项卡是否聚焦

const isBrowserTabFocused = () => !document.hidden;

// Example
isBrowserTabFocused(); // true
复制代码

24.如果不存在目录,则如何创建

const fs = require('fs');
const createDirIfNotExists = dir => (!fs.existsSync(dir) ? fs.mkdirSync(dir) : undefined);

// Example
createDirIfNotExists('test'); // creates the directory
复制代码



1




About Joyk


Aggregate valuable and interesting links.
Joyk means Joy of geeK