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python专题使用openpyxl操作excel

 4 years ago
source link: https://blog.csdn.net/youku1327/article/details/104093311
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一 前言

知识追寻者又要放大招了，学完这篇openpyxl第三方库，读者将会懂得如何灵活的读取excel数据,如何创建excel工作表；更新工作表，删除工作表；是不是感觉很强大，留下赞赞吧！！

二 openpyxl常用属性函数

常用函数或者属性 说明 openpyxl.load_workbook() 加载excel工作本 Workbook.active 获得默认sheet Workbook.create_sheet() 创建sheet Workbook.get_sheet_names() 已过时 , 获得所有sheet名称 workbook.sheetnames 获得所有sheet名称 workbook.get_sheet_by_name(name) 已过时 获得指定的sheet对象 workbook[sheetname] 获得指定的sheet对象 workbook.copy_worksheet(soure) 复制sheet sheet[cell] 获取单个单元格 sheet.cell(self, row, column, value=None) 获取单个单元格 sheet[cell,cell] 访问多个单元格 sheet.iter_rows(min_row, max_col, max_row) 返回多行，用于访问多个单元格 sheet.iter_cols(min_row, max_col, max_row) 返回多列，用于访问多个单元格 sheet.rows 获取所有行 sheet.columns 获取所有列 cell.value 获取属性值 sheet.merge_cells() 合并单元格 sheet.unmerge_cells() 取消合并单元格

三 读取excel

读取整体流程如下

  1. 加载工作本
  2. 获取标签页
  3. 获取指定区域的单元格
  4. 获取单个单元格对象
  5. 通过单元格对象获取值

3.1 准备工作

创建一个名为zszxz.xlsx excel文件；其中标签sheet名为zszxz; 列A B C 如下；

id	num	name
1	100	zszxz
2	101	smile
3	102	kitty
4	103	wolf
5	104	cloud
6	105	water

3.2 安装

支持操作excel和图像

pip install openpyxl
pip install pillow

3.3 获取所有标签页名称 

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl

path = r'C:\mydata\generator\py\zszxz.xlsx'
# 加载工作本
workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
# 获得所有标签页
sheet_names = workbook.get_sheet_names()
print(sheet_names)

输出

['zszxz']

正确的获取方式

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl

path = r'C:\mydata\generator\py\zszxz.xlsx'
# 加载工作本
workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
# 获得所有标签页名称
print(workbook.sheetnames)

3.4 获取指定标签页对象

不建议通过方法获得标签页对象，建议通过属性方式获取；

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl

path = r'C:\mydata\generator\py\zszxz.xlsx'
# 加载工作本
workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
# 获得指定的sheet
sheet = workbook.get_sheet_by_name('zszxz')
print(sheet)

输出

<Worksheet "zszxz">

正确的获取方式

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl

path = r'C:\mydata\generator\py\zszxz.xlsx'
# 加载工作本
workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
# 获取sheet对象
sheet = workbook['zszxz']
print(sheet)

输出

<Worksheet "zszxz">

当然读者也可以通过循环工作本方式获取sheet，不赘述；

3.5 复制sheet

在已有的sheet上可以进行复制一个副本；

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl

path = r'C:\mydata\generator\py\zszxz.xlsx'
# 加载工作本
workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
# 获取sheet对象
sheet = workbook['zszxz']
# 复制sheet
cp_sheet = workbook.copy_worksheet(sheet)
print(cp_sheet)

输出

<Worksheet "zszxz Copy">

3.5 获取指定一个单元格对象

指定获取A1单元格对象

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl

path = r'C:\mydata\generator\py\zszxz.xlsx'
# 加载工作本
workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
# 获取sheet对象
sheet = workbook['zszxz']
# 获取指定单元格
cell = sheet['A1']
print(cell)

输出

<Cell 'zszxz'.A1>

方式二

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl

path = r'C:\mydata\generator\py\zszxz.xlsx'
# 加载工作本
workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
# 获取sheet对象
sheet = workbook['zszxz']
# 获取指定单元格
cell = sheet.cell(row=1, column=1)
print(cell)

输出

<Cell 'zszxz'.A1>

3.6 访问多个单元格

访问单元格获取单元格对象；

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl

path = r'C:\mydata\generator\py\zszxz.xlsx'
# 加载工作本
workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
# 获取sheet对象
sheet = workbook['zszxz']
cells_range = sheet['A1':'C1']
for cells in cells_range:
    for cell in cells:
        print(cell)

输出

<Cell 'zszxz'.A1>
<Cell 'zszxz'.B1>
<Cell 'zszxz'.C1>

方式二

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl

path = r'C:\mydata\generator\py\zszxz.xlsx'
# 加载工作本
workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
# 获取sheet对象
sheet = workbook['zszxz']
# 获取指定范围的行
row = sheet.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=1)
for cell in row:
    print(cell)

输出

(<Cell 'zszxz'.A1>, <Cell 'zszxz'.B1>, <Cell 'zszxz'.C1>)

sheet.iter_cols(min_row, max_col, max_row)通用的道理，不赘述

3.7 获取全部行 

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl

path = r'C:\mydata\generator\py\zszxz.xlsx'
# 加载工作本
workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
# 获取sheet对象
sheet = workbook['zszxz']
# 获取所有行
for row in sheet.rows:
    print(row)

输出

(<Cell 'zszxz'.A1>, <Cell 'zszxz'.B1>, <Cell 'zszxz'.C1>)
(<Cell 'zszxz'.A2>, <Cell 'zszxz'.B2>, <Cell 'zszxz'.C2>)
(<Cell 'zszxz'.A3>, <Cell 'zszxz'.B3>, <Cell 'zszxz'.C3>)
(<Cell 'zszxz'.A4>, <Cell 'zszxz'.B4>, <Cell 'zszxz'.C4>)
(<Cell 'zszxz'.A5>, <Cell 'zszxz'.B5>, <Cell 'zszxz'.C5>)
(<Cell 'zszxz'.A6>, <Cell 'zszxz'.B6>, <Cell 'zszxz'.C6>)
(<Cell 'zszxz'.A7>, <Cell 'zszxz'.B7>, <Cell 'zszxz'.C7>)

同理 sheet.columns获取所有列不再赘述

3.8 获取值

cell.value获取属性值

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl

path = r'C:\mydata\generator\py\zszxz.xlsx'
# 加载工作本
workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
# 获取sheet对象
sheet = workbook['zszxz']
cells_range = sheet['A1':'C1']
for cells in cells_range:
    for cell in cells:
    	# 获取属性值
        print(cell.value)

输出

id
num
name

四 写入 excel

4.1 写入文本 

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl

path = r'C:\mydata\generator\py\zszxz_write.xlsx'
# 创建一个工作本
workbook = openpyxl.Workbook()
# 创建一个 sheet
sheet = workbook.create_sheet('zszxz')
# 写入文本形式
sheet['A1'] = 'zszxz666'
# 读取
print(sheet['A1'].value)
# 保存
workbook.save(path)

输出

zszxz666

4.2 写入数字 

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl
import datetime

path = r'C:\mydata\generator\py\zszxz_write.xlsx'
# 创建一个工作本
workbook = openpyxl.Workbook()
# 创建一个 sheet
sheet = workbook.create_sheet('zszxz')
# 写入值数字形式
sheet['A2'] = datetime.datetime(2010, 7, 21)
print(sheet['A2'].value)
# 保存
workbook.save(path)

输出

2010-07-21 00:00:00

4.3 写入公式 

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl

path = r'C:\mydata\generator\py\zszxz_write.xlsx'
# 创建一个工作本
workbook = openpyxl.Workbook()
# 创建一个 sheet
sheet = workbook.create_sheet('zszxz')
# 写入公式
sheet['A3'] = '=SUM(1, 1)'
print(sheet['A3'].value)
# 保存
workbook.save(path)

输出

=SUM(1, 1)

实际中A3单元格值为2

4.4 合并单元格 

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl

path = r'C:\mydata\generator\py\zszxz_write.xlsx'
# 创建一个工作本
workbook = openpyxl.Workbook()
# 创建一个 sheet
sheet = workbook.create_sheet('zszxz')
# 合并单元格
sheet.merge_cells('A2:D2')
# 保存
workbook.save(path)

4.5 取消合并单元格 

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl

path = r'C:\mydata\generator\py\zszxz_write.xlsx'
# 创建一个工作本
workbook = openpyxl.Workbook()
# 创建一个 sheet
sheet = workbook.create_sheet('zszxz')
# 取消合并单元格
sheet.unmerge_cells('A2:D2')
# 保存
workbook.save(path)

4.5 插入图片 

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl
from openpyxl.drawing.image import Image

path = r'C:\mydata\generator\py\zszxz_write.xlsx'
# 创建一个工作本
workbook = openpyxl.Workbook()
# 创建一个 sheet
sheet = workbook.create_sheet('zszxz')
# 设置图像
img = Image(r'C:\mydata\generator\py\main.jpg')
# 设置图像单元格说明
sheet['A1'] = 'you are my angel'
# 插入图片
sheet.add_image(img, 'A1')
# 保存
workbook.save(path)

结果如下：

FVjequb.jpg!web

4.6 隐藏轮廓 

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl

path = r'C:\mydata\generator\py\zszxz_write.xlsx'
wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
ws = wb.create_sheet()
# 隐藏行 A-B
ws.column_dimensions.group('A', 'B', hidden=True)
# 隐藏 列 1 -5 
ws.row_dimensions.group(1, 5, hidden=True)
wb.save(path)

4.7 设置行高列高 

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl

path = r'C:\mydata\generator\py\zszxz_write.xlsx'
# 创建一个工作本
workbook = openpyxl.Workbook()
# 创建一个 sheet
sheet = workbook.create_sheet('zszxz')
# 写入文本形式
sheet['A1'] = 'zszxz666'
# 设置行高
sheet.row_dimensions[1].height = 50
# 设置列高
sheet.column_dimensions['A'].width = 30
workbook.save(path)

五 删除sheet 

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl

path = r'C:\mydata\generator\py\zszxz_write.xlsx'
# 加载工作本
workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
# 获得sheet
sheet = workbook['Sheet']
# 移除sheet
workbook.remove(sheet)
# 保存
workbook.save(path)

六 更新工作表 

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import openpyxl

path = r'C:\mydata\generator\py\zszxz_write.xlsx'
# 加载工作本
workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(path)
# 获得sheet
sheet = workbook['zszxz']
# 获得值
val = sheet['A1'].value
print(val)
# 重新赋值
new_val = sheet['A1'].value = 'zszxz'
print(new_val)
# 保存
workbook.save(path)

输出

zszxz666
zszxz

七 参考文档

更多内容参考官方文档；

openpyxl


report

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