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JDK源码分析-Lock&Condition

 4 years ago
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概述

涉及多线程问题,往往绕不开「锁」。在 JDK 1.5 之前,Java 通过 synchronized 关键字来实现锁的功能,该方式是语法层面的,由 JVM 实现。JDK 1.5 增加了锁在 API 层面的实现,也就是 java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock 接口及其相关的实现类,它不仅具备 synchronized 的功能,而且还增加了更加丰富的功能。 通常与其配合使用的还有 Condition 接口。

本文先简要分析下接口定义,后文再分析相关实现类的原理。

接口分析

Lock 接口的定义如下:

public interface Lock {

// 阻塞式获取锁,该方法与synchronized功能类似

void lock();

// 获取锁,可响应中断

void lockInterruptibly() throws InterruptedException;

// 尝试获取锁,若成功返回true;否则返回false

boolean tryLock();

// 尝试获取锁(在给定的时间内),若成功返回true;否则返回false

boolean tryLock(long time, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException;

// 释放锁

void unlock();

// 创建一个与该锁绑定的Condition

Condition newCondition();

}

Condition 接口定义如下:

public interface Condition {

// 使当前线程等待,直到被signal唤醒或被中断

void await() throws InterruptedException;


// 使当前线程等待,直到被signal唤醒(不响应中断)

void awaitUninterruptibly();

// 使当前线程等待,直到被signal唤醒、或被中断、或到达等待时间

long awaitNanos(long nanosTimeout) throws InterruptedException;

// 使当前线程等待,直到被signal唤醒、或被中断、或到达等待时间(与上面方法类似)

boolean await(long time, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException;

// // 使当前线程等待,直到被signal唤醒、或被中断、或到达给定的截止时间

boolean awaitUntil(Date deadline) throws InterruptedException;

// 唤醒一个等待的线程

void signal();

// 唤醒所有等待的线程

void signalAll();

}

Condition 的方法虽然不少,但其实就两类:

1. await* 方法,让当前线程处于等待状态;

2. signal* 方法,唤醒处于等待的线程。

此外,还有一个 ReadWriteLock 接口:

public interface ReadWriteLock {

// 读锁

Lock readLock();


// 写锁

Lock writeLock();

}

定义了读锁和写锁,其中读锁是共享的,写锁是互斥的。

代码示例

以典型的“生产者-消费者”模型为例,下面分别使用 synchronized 和 Lock 方式来实现并比较其用法。

使用 synchronized 和 wait/notify 实现,示例代码:

public class ProdConsumerTest {

private static final Object monitor = new Object();

private Random random = new Random();

private static final int SIZE = 10;

private Queue<Integer> queue = new LinkedList<>();


private void produce() throws InterruptedException {

for (; ; ) {

synchronized (monitor) {

if (queue.size() >= SIZE) {

monitor.wait();

}

int nextInt = random.nextInt(1000);

queue.offer(nextInt);


sleep(400);

System.out.println("size=" + queue.size() + ", 生产-->" + nextInt);

monitor.notify();

}

}

}


private void consume() throws InterruptedException {

for (; ; ) {

synchronized (monitor) {

if (queue.size() <= 0) {

monitor.wait();

}

Integer poll = queue.poll();


sleep(300);

System.out.println("size=" + queue.size() + ", 消费成功-->" + poll);

monitor.notify();

}

}

}


private void sleep(int timeout) {

try {

TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(timeout);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}


public static void main(String[] args) {

ProdConsumerTest test = new ProdConsumerTest();

Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {

try {

test.produce();

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

});


Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {

try {

test.consume();

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

});


t1.start();

t2.start();

}

}

使用 Lock/Condition 实现,示例代码:

public class ProdConsumerTest {

private static final int SIZE = 10;

private Random random = new Random();

private Queue<Integer> queue = new LinkedList<>();


// ReentrantLock 是 JDK 提供的 Lock 接口实现类,后文分析其原理

private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

private Condition notFull = lock.newCondition();

private Condition notEmpty = lock.newCondition();


private void produce() throws InterruptedException {

for (; ; ) {

lock.lock();

try {

if (queue.size() >= SIZE) {

notFull.await();

}

int nextInt = random.nextInt(1000);

queue.offer(nextInt);


sleep(400);

System.out.println("size=" + queue.size() + ", 生产-->" + nextInt);

notEmpty.signal();

} finally {

lock.unlock();

}

}

}


private void consume() throws InterruptedException {

for (; ; ) {

lock.lock();

try {

if (queue.size() <= 0) {

notEmpty.await();

}

Integer poll = queue.poll();


sleep(300);

System.out.println("size=" + queue.size() + ", 消费成功-->" + poll);

notFull.signal();

} finally {

lock.unlock();

}

}

}


private void sleep(int timeout) {

try {

TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(timeout);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}


public static void main(String[] args) {

ProdConsumerTest test = new ProdConsumerTest();

Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {

try {

test.produce();

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

});


Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {

try {

test.consume();

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

});


t1.start();

t2.start();

}

}

通过对比发现, Lock/Condition 可以实现和 synchronized 一样的功能,而 Condition 的 await/signal 则相当于 Object 的 wait/notify。

本文简要分析了 Lock 和 Condition 接口,后文再分析它们的实现原理。

Stay hungry, stay foolish.

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