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Java vs Python，谁能胜出？

 5 years ago
source link: http://www.xetlab.com/2019/05/03/Java vs Python，谁能胜出？/?amp%3Butm_medium=referral
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Java vs Python，谁能胜出？作为程序猿，这个问题除了从数据角度分析外，我们更应该从编程语言本身的使用和体验来感受对比一番，然后再谨慎的给出自己的答案。

资历

Java诞生于1995年，Python诞生于1991年，是不是很意外，大家以为Java廉颇老矣，Python年纪却更大。

毛发的PK

Java之父James Gosling

java.jpg

python之父Guido van Rossum

python.jpg

Hello World

Java版

public class HelloWorld {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("hello java world");
    }
}

Python版

print("hello python world")

Java说：Hi, code boy.

  • 先定义一个类
  • 再定义一个main入口方法
  • 然后打印输出hello world

Python说：Hi, code boy. Just hello world!

字符串

要说代码中最丑的字符串是什么，那必须是sql。

Java中的sql

String uglySql = "SELECT * FROM"
                + " program_language"
                + " WHERE"
                + " NAME = 'Java'"
                + " AND rank > 5";

Python中的sql

beautiful_sql = """
    SELECT
        *
    FROM
        program_language
    WHERE
        NAME = 'Python'
    AND rank > 5
"""

列表

钢铁侠：Hi，贾维斯，给我一份最新的世界电影票房排名前10的榜单

Java版贾维斯

List<String> top10 = Arrays.asList("Avatar",
                "Titanic",
                "Star Wars: The Force Awakens",
                "Avengers: Infinity War",
                "Jurassic World",
                "Marvel's The Avengers",
                "Furious 7",
                "Avengers: Age of Ultron",
                "Black Panther",
                "Avengers: Endgame");

Python版贾维斯

top10 = [
    "Avatar",
    "Titanic",
    "Star Wars: The Force Awakens",
    "Avengers: Infinity War",
    "Jurassic World",
    "Marvel's The Avengers",
    "Furious 7",
    "Avengers: Age of Ultron",
    "Black Panther",
    "Avengers: Endgame"
]

钢铁侠：Ok，贾维斯，well done，现在给我排名前3的就行了，我比较关注

Java版贾维斯

List<String> top3 = top10.subList(0,3);

Python版贾维斯

top3 = top10[:3]

映射/字典

英文不是很好，上面的榜单谁帮忙翻译一下？

Java

Map<String, String> top10Map = new HashMap<>();
top10Map.put("Avatar", "阿凡达");
top10Map.put("Titanic", "泰坦尼克号");
top10Map.put("Star Wars: The Force Awakens", "星球大战：原力觉醒");
top10Map.put("Avengers: Infinity War", "复仇者联盟：无限战争");
top10Map.put("Jurassic World", "侏罗纪世界");
top10Map.put("Marvel's The Avengers", "复仇者联盟");
top10Map.put("Furious 7", "速度与激情7");
top10Map.put("Avengers: Age of Ultron", "复仇者联盟：奥创纪元");
top10Map.put("Black Panther", "黑豹");
top10Map.put("Avengers: Endgame", "复仇者联盟：终局之战");

String movie_en_name = "Avengers: Endgame";
System.out.println(movie_en_name + "->" + top10Map.get(movie_en_name));

Python

top10_dic = {
    "Avatar": "阿凡达",
    "Titanic": "泰坦尼克号",
    "Star Wars: The Force Awakens": "星球大战：原力觉醒",
    "Avengers: Infinity War": "复仇者联盟：无限战争",
    "Jurassic World": "侏罗纪世界",
    "Marvel's The Avengers": "复仇者联盟",
    "Furious 7": "速度与激情7",
    "Avengers: Age of Ultron": "复仇者联盟：奥创纪元",
    "Black Panther": "黑豹",
    "Avengers: Endgame": "复仇者联盟：终局之战"
}
movie_en_name = "Avengers: Endgame"
print(movie_en_name, "->", top10_dic[movie_en_name])

分支

假如可以回到过去，你会做什么？

Java

Calendar timeMachine = Calendar.getInstance();
int year = timeMachine.get(Calendar.YEAR);
if (year >= 1980 && year < 1990) {
    System.out.println("玩");
} else if (year >= 1990 && year < 2000) {
    System.out.println("学习");
} else if (year >= 2000 && year < 2010) {
    System.out.println("学习，工作");
} else {
    System.out.println("工作，成家，一胎，二胎");
}

Python

time_machine = datetime.datetime.now()
year = time_machine.year
if 1980 <= year < 1990:
    print("玩")
elif 1990 <= year < 2000:
    print("学习")
elif 2000 <= year < 2010:
    print("学习，工作")
else:
    print("工作，成家，一胎，二胎")

循环

90年代，当我们还小时，被罚抄书了，多么不幸的事，谁来拯救？

Java

try {
    FileReader fileReader = new FileReader("book.txt");
    BufferedReader bookReader = new BufferedReader(fileReader);
    String line;
    while ((line = bookReader.readLine()) != null) {
        System.out.println(line);
    }
    fileReader.close();
    bookReader.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}

Python

for line in open("book.txt"):
    print(line)

方法/函数

在钢铁侠多次要求取世界电影票房排名前10的榜单，和前3后，贾维斯进化了。

Java版贾维斯

private String fetchHtmlFromMojo() {
    // fetch html...
    String html = "<html></html>";
    return html;
}

private List<String> parseTop100(String html) {
    // parse html...
    List<String> top100 = new ArrayList<>();
    return top100;
}

private List<String> getTopN(int num) {
    String html = fetchHtmlFromMojo();
    List<String> top100 = parseTop100(html);
    return top100.subList(0, num);
}

Python版贾维斯

def fetch_html_from_mojo():
    # fetch html...
    html = "<html></html>"
    return html


def parse_top100(html):
    # parse html...
    top100 = []
    return top100


def get_topn(num):
    html = fetch_html_from_mojo()
    top100 = parse_top100(html)
    return top100[:num]

类

终极贾维斯

Java

public class Robot {
    private String name = "贾维斯";
    private Map<String, String> movieMap = new HashMap<>();
    
    public Robot(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    private String fetchHtmlFromMojo() {
        // fetch html...
        String html = "<html></html>";
        return html;
    }

    private List<String> parseTop100(String html) {
        // parse html...
        List<String> top100 = new ArrayList<>();
        return top100;
    }

    public List<String> getTopN(int num) {
        String html = fetchHtmlFromMojo();
        List<String> top100 = parseTop100(html);
        return top100.subList(0, num);
    }

    public String translate(String movieEnName) {
        return movieMap.get(movieEnName);
    }
}

Python

class Robot:
    name = "贾维斯"
    movie_dic = dict()

    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def fetch_html_from_mojo(self):
        # fetch html...
        html = "<html></html>"
        return html

    def parse_top100(self, html):
        # parse html...
        top100 = []
        return top100

    def get_topn(self, num):
        html = self.fetch_html_from_mojo()
        top100 = self.parse_top100(html)
        return top100[:num]

    def translate(self, movie_en_name):
        return self.movie_dic[movie_en_name]

结论

Java vs Python，谁胜出？说实话，颜值方面Python确实高过Java很多（语法简洁，作者头发浓密），但是，Java在互联网攻城掠地，Python在人工智能快速崛起，各有各的好，非要说谁胜出，当然是我们程序猿自己了，理解编程语言的共性，拥抱编程语言的多样性，让我们可以快速在不同场景做出合适的选择，创造属于程序猿的未来。


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