README.md

Quine Relay

What this is

This is a Ruby program that generates Rust program that generates Scala program that generates ...(through 128 languages in total)... REXX program that generates the original Ruby code again.

(If you want to see the old 50-language version, see 50 branch.)

Usage

Ubuntu

If you are using Ubuntu 18.04 "Bionic Beaver", you can perform the following steps.

1. Install all interpreters/compilers.

First, you have to type the following apt-get command to install all of them.

$ sudo apt-get install afnix algol68g aplus-fsf aspectc++ aspectj \
  asymptote ats2-lang bash bc bf bison bsdgames bsh clisp clojure cmake \
  cmake coffeescript dafny dc ecere-dev elixir emacs25 erlang f2c fish \
  flex fp-compiler fsharp g++ gap gawk gcc gdb gdc \
  generator-scripting-language genius gforth gfortran ghc ghostscript \
  gnat gnu-smalltalk gnuplot gobjc golang gpt gri groff groovy guile-2.0 \
  gzip haxe icont iconx intercal iverilog jasmin-sable jq ksh libgd-dev \
  libpng-dev lisaac livescript llvm lua5.3 m4 make maxima minizinc mlton \
  mono-devel mono-mcs mono-vbnc nasm neko nickle nim node-typescript \
  nodejs ocaml octave open-cobol openjdk-8-jdk pakcs pari-gp parser3-cgi \
  perl php-cli pike8.0 python r-base rakudo ratfor rc regina-rexx ruby \
  ruby-mustache rustc scala scilab sed slsh spin squirrel3 swi-prolog \
  tcl tcsh valac vim xsltproc yabasic yorick zoem zsh

Then, build the bundled interpreters.

$ sudo apt-get install libpng-dev libgd-dev groff flex bison
$ make -C vendor

2. Run each program on each interpreter/compiler.

$ ulimit -s unlimited
$ ruby QR.rb > QR.rs
$ rustc QR.rs && ./QR > QR.scala
$ scalac QR.scala && scala QR > QR.scm
$ guile QR.scm > QR.sci
$ scilab -nwni -nb -f QR.sci > QR.sed
$ sed -E -f QR.sed QR.sed > QR.spl
$ ./vendor/local/bin/spl2c < QR.spl > QR.spl.c && gcc -o QR -I ./vendor/local/include -L ./vendor/local/lib QR.spl.c -lspl -lm &&
  ./QR > QR.sl
$ slsh QR.sl > QR.st
$ gst QR.st > QR.nut
$ squirrel QR.nut > QR.sml
$ mlton @MLton fixed-heap 200M -- QR.sml && ./QR > QR.sq
$ ruby vendor/subleq.rb QR.sq > QR.tcl
$ tclsh QR.tcl > QR.tcsh
$ tcsh QR.tcsh > QR.t
$ ruby vendor/thue.rb QR.t > QR.ts
$ tsc --outFile QR.ts.js QR.ts && nodejs QR.ts.js > QR.unl
$ ruby vendor/unlambda.rb QR.unl > QR.vala
$ valac QR.vala && ./QR > QR.mid
$ mono vendor/local/bin/Vlt.exe /s QR.mid && mono QR.exe > QR.v
$ iverilog -o QR QR.v && ./QR -vcd-none > QR.vim
$ vim -EsS QR.vim > QR.vb
$ vbnc QR.vb && mono ./QR.exe > QR.ws
$ ruby vendor/whitespace.rb QR.ws > QR.xslt
$ xsltproc QR.xslt > QR.yab
$ yabasic QR.yab > QR.yorick
$ yorick -batch QR.yorick > QR.azm
$ zoem -i QR.azm > QR.zsh
$ zsh QR.zsh > QR.+
$ a+ QR.+ > qr.adb
$ gnatmake qr.adb && ./qr > QR.als
$ LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/afnix axi QR.als > QR.aheui
$ go run vendor/goaheui/main.go QR.aheui > QR.a68
$ a68g QR.a68 > QR.ante
$ ruby vendor/ante.rb QR.ante > QR.cc
$ ag++ -o QR QR.cc && ./QR > QR.aj
$ JAVACMD=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin/java ajc QR.aj &&
  java QR > QR.asy
$ asy QR.asy > QR.dats
$ patscc -o QR QR.dats && ./QR > QR.awk
$ awk -f QR.awk > QR.bash
$ bash QR.bash > QR.bc
$ BC_LINE_LENGTH=4000000 bc -q QR.bc > QR.bsh
$ bsh QR.bsh > QR.bef
$ cfunge QR.bef > QR.Blc
$ ruby vendor/blc.rb < QR.Blc > QR.bf
$ bf -c500000 QR.bf > QR.c
$ gcc -o QR QR.c && ./QR > QR.cpp
$ g++ -o QR QR.cpp && ./QR > QR.cs
$ mcs QR.cs && mono QR.exe > QR.chef
$ PERL5LIB=vendor/local/lib/perl5 compilechef QR.chef QR.chef.pl &&
  perl QR.chef.pl > QR.clj
$ clojure QR.clj > QR.cmake
$ cmake -P QR.cmake > QR.cob
$ cobc -O2 -x QR.cob && ./QR > QR.coffee
$ coffee --nodejs --stack_size=100000 QR.coffee > QR.lisp
$ clisp QR.lisp > QR.curry
$ pakcs :load QR.curry :save :quit && ./QR > QR.d
$ gdc -o QR QR.d && ./QR > QR.dfy
$ dafny QR.dfy && mono QR.exe > QR.dc
$ dc QR.dc > QR.ec || true
$ ecp -c QR.ec -o QR.sym && ecc -c QR.ec -o QR.c && ecs -console QR.sym QR.imp -o QR.main.ec &&
  ecp -c QR.main.ec -o QR.main.sym && ecc -c QR.main.ec -o QR.main.c &&
  gcc -o QR QR.c QR.main.c -lecereCOM && ./QR > QR.exs
$ elixir QR.exs > QR.el
$ emacs -Q --script QR.el > QR.erl
$ escript QR.erl > QR.fsx
$ fsharpc QR.fsx -o QR.exe && mono QR.exe > QR.false
$ ruby vendor/false.rb QR.false > QR.fl
$ flex -o QR.fl.c QR.fl && gcc -o QR QR.fl.c && ./QR > QR.fish
$ fish QR.fish > QR.fs
$ gforth QR.fs > QR.f
$ gfortran -o QR QR.f && ./QR > QR.f90
$ gfortran -o QR QR.f90 && ./QR > QR.g
$ gap -q QR.g > QR.gdb
$ gdb -q -x QR.gdb > QR.gel
$ genius QR.gel > QR.gsl
$ gsl -q QR.gsl > QR.plt
$ gnuplot QR.plt > QR.go
$ go run QR.go > QR.gs
$ ruby vendor/golfscript.rb QR.gs > QR.gpt
$ gpt -o QR QR.gpt && ./QR > QR.grass
$ ruby vendor/grass.rb QR.grass > QR.gri
$ gri QR.gri > QR.groovy
$ groovy QR.groovy > QR.gz
$ gzip -cd QR.gz > QR.hs
$ ghc QR.hs && ./QR > QR.hx
$ haxe -main QR -neko QR.n && neko QR.n > QR.icn
$ icont -s QR.icn && ./QR > QR.i
$ ick -bfOc QR.i && gcc -static QR.c -I /usr/include/ick-* -o QR -lick &&
  ./QR > QR.j
$ jasmin QR.j && java QR > QR.java
$ javac QR.java && java QR > QR.js
$ nodejs QR.js > QR.jq
$ jq -r -n -f QR.jq > QR.jsfuck
$ nodejs --stack_size=100000 QR.jsfuck > QR.ksh
$ ksh QR.ksh > QR.lazy
$ lazyk QR.lazy > qr.li
$ lisaac qr.li && ./qr > QR.ls
$ lsc QR.ls > QR.ll
$ llvm-as QR.ll && lli QR.bc > QR.lol
$ lci QR.lol > QR.lua
$ lua5.3 QR.lua > QR.m4
$ m4 QR.m4 > QR.mk
$ make -f QR.mk > QR.mac
$ mv /tmp /tmp.bak && ln -s /dev/shm /tmp && maxima -q --init-mac=QR.mac > QR.mzn &&
  rm /tmp && mv /tmp.bak /tmp
$ mzn2fzn QR.mzn && fzn-gecode QR.fzn | solns2out --soln-sep '' QR.ozn > QR.il
$ ilasm QR.il && mono QR.exe > QR.mustache
$ mustache QR.mustache QR.mustache > QR.asm
$ nasm -felf QR.asm && ld -m elf_i386 -o QR QR.o && ./QR > QR.neko
$ nekoc QR.neko && neko QR.n > QR.5c
$ nickle QR.5c > QR.nim
$ nim c QR.nim && ./QR > QR.m
$ gcc -o QR QR.m && ./QR > QR.ml
$ ocaml QR.ml > QR.octave
$ mv QR.m QR.m.bak && octave -qf QR.octave > QR.ook && mv QR.m.bak QR.m
$ ruby vendor/ook-to-bf.rb QR.ook QR.ook.bf && bf -c500000 QR.ook.bf > QR.gp
$ gp -f -q QR.gp > QR.p
$ parser3 QR.p > QR.pas
$ fpc QR.pas && ./QR > QR.pl
$ perl QR.pl > QR.pl6
$ perl6 QR.pl6 > QR.php
$ php QR.php > QR.png
$ npiet QR.png > QR.pike
$ pike QR.pike > QR.ps
$ gs -dNODISPLAY -q QR.ps > QR.ppt
$ ppt -d < QR.ppt > QR.prolog
$ swipl -q -t qr -f QR.prolog > QR.pr
$ spin -T QR.pr > QR.py
$ python QR.py > QR.R
$ R --slave -f QR.R > QR.ratfor
$ ratfor -o QR.ratfor.f QR.ratfor && gfortran -o QR QR.ratfor.f &&
  ./QR > QR.rc
$ rc QR.rc > QR.rexx
$ rexx ./QR.rexx > QR2.rb

You will see that QR.rb is the same as QR2.rb.

$ diff QR.rb QR2.rb

Alternatively, just type make.

$ make

Note: It may require huge memory to compile some files.

Arch Linux

Just install quine-relay-git from AUR and run quine-relay. Report any problems as comments to the AUR package or to the respective packages, if one of the many compilers should have issues.

Other platforms

You may find instructions for other platforms in the wiki.

If you are not using these Linux distributions, please find your way yourself. If you could do it, please let me know. Good luck.

Tested interpreter/compiler versions

I used the following Ubuntu deb packages to test this program.

# language ubuntu package version 1 Ruby ruby 1:2.5.1 2 Rust rustc 1.24.1+dfsg1+llvm-0ubuntu2 3 Scala scala 2.11.12-2 4 Scheme guile-2.0 2.0.13+1-5build2 5 Scilab scilab 6.0.1-1ubuntu1 6 sed sed 4.4-2 7 Shakespeare N/A - 8 S-Lang slsh 2.3.1a-3ubuntu1 9 Smalltalk gnu-smalltalk 3.2.5-1.1 10 Squirrel squirrel3 3.1-5 11 Standard ML mlton 20130715-3 12 Subleq N/A - 13 Tcl tcl 8.6.0+9 14 tcsh tcsh 6.20.00-7 15 Thue N/A - 16 TypeScript node-typescript 2.7.2-1 17 Unlambda N/A - 18 Vala valac 0.40.4-1 19 Velato N/A - 20 Verilog iverilog 10.1-0.1build1 21 Vimscript vim 2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1 22 Visual Basic mono-vbnc 4.0.1-1 23 Whitespace N/A - 24 XSLT xsltproc 1.1.29-5 25 Yabasic yabasic 1:2.78.5-1 26 Yorick yorick 2.2.04+dfsg1-9 27 Zoem zoem 11-166-1.2 28 zsh zsh 5.4.2-3ubuntu3 29 A+ aplus-fsf 4.22.1-10 30 Ada gnat 7ubuntu1 31 AFNIX afnix 2.8.1-1 32 Aheui N/A - 33 ALGOL 68 algol68g 2.8-2build1 34 Ante N/A - 35 AspectC++ aspectc++ 1:2.2+git20170823-1 36 AspectJ aspectj 1.8.9-2 37 Asymptote asymptote 2.41-4 38 ATS ats2-lang 0.2.9-1 39 Awk gawk 1:4.1.4+dfsg-1build1 40 bash bash 4.4.18-2ubuntu1 41 bc bc 1.07.1-2 42 BeanShell bsh 2.0b4-19 43 Befunge N/A - 44 BLC8 N/A - 45 Brainfuck bf 20041219ubuntu6 46 C gcc 4:7.3.0-3ubuntu2 47 C++ g++ 4:7.3.0-3ubuntu2 48 C# mono-mcs 4.6.2.7+dfsg-1ubuntu1 49 Chef N/A - 50 Clojure clojure 1.9.0-2 51 CMake cmake 3.10.2-1ubuntu2 52 Cobol open-cobol 1.1-2 53 CoffeeScript coffeescript 1.12.7~dfsg-3 54 Common Lisp clisp 1:2.49.20170913-4build1 55 Curry pakcs 2.0.1-1 56 D gdc 4:8-20180321-2ubuntu2 57 Dafny dafny 1.9.7-1 58 dc dc 1.07.1-2 59 eC ecere-dev 0.44.15-1 60 Elixir elixir 1.3.3-2 61 Emacs Lisp emacs25 25.2+1-6 62 Erlang erlang 1:20.2.2+dfsg-1ubuntu2 63 F# fsharp 4.0.0.4+dfsg2-2 64 FALSE N/A - 65 Flex flex 2.6.4-6 66 Fish fish 2.7.1-3 67 Forth gforth 0.7.3+dfsg-5 68 FORTRAN77 f2c 20160102-1 69 Fortran90 gfortran 4:7.3.0-3ubuntu2 70 GAP gap 4r8p8-3 71 GDB gdb 8.1-0ubuntu3 72 GEL (Genius) genius 1.0.23-3 73 GeneratorScriptingLanguage generator-scripting-language 4.1.5-2 74 Gnuplot gnuplot 5.2.2+dfsg1-2ubuntu1 75 Go golang 2:1.10~4ubuntu1 76 GolfScript N/A - 77 G-Portugol gpt 1.1-4 78 Grass N/A - 79 Gri gri 2.12.26-1build1 80 Groovy groovy 2.4.15-1ubuntu1 81 Gzip gzip 1.6-5ubuntu1 82 Haskell ghc 8.0.2-11 83 Haxe haxe 1:3.4.4-2 84 Icon icont, iconx 9.4.3-6ubuntu1 85 INTERCAL intercal 30:0.30-2 86 Jasmin jasmin-sable 2.5.0-2 87 Java openjdk-8-jdk 8u171-b11-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 88 JavaScript nodejs 8.10.0~dfsg-2 89 Jq jq 1.5+dfsg-2 90 JSFuck nodejs 8.10.0~dfsg-2 91 ksh ksh 93u+20120801-3.1ubuntu1 92 Lazy K N/A - 93 Lisaac lisaac 1:0.39~rc1-3build1 94 LiveScript livescript 1.5.0+dfsg-4 95 LLVM asm llvm 1:6.0-41exp5ubuntu1 96 LOLCODE N/A - 97 Lua lua5.3 5.3.3-1 98 M4 m4 1.4.18-1 99 Makefile make 4.1-9.1ubuntu1 100 Maxima maxima 5.41.0-3 101 MiniZinc minizinc 2.1.7+dfsg1-1 102 MSIL mono-devel 4.6.2.7+dfsg-1ubuntu1 103 Mustache ruby-mustache 1.0.2-1 104 NASM nasm 2.13.02-0.1 105 Neko neko 2.2.0-2build1 106 Nickle nickle 2.81-1 107 Nim nim 0.17.2-1ubuntu2 108 Objective-C gobjc 4:7.3.0-3ubuntu2 109 OCaml ocaml 4.05.0-10ubuntu1 110 Octave octave 4.2.2-1ubuntu1 111 Ook! N/A - 112 PARI/GP pari-gp 2.9.4-1 113 Parser 3 parser3-cgi 3.4.5-2 114 Pascal fp-compiler 3.0.4+dfsg-18 115 Perl 5 perl 5.26.1-6ubuntu0.1 116 Perl 6 rakudo 2018.03-1 117 PHP php-cli 1:7.2+60ubuntu1 118 Piet N/A - 119 Pike pike8.0 8.0.498-1build1 120 PostScript ghostscript 9.22~dfsg+1-0ubuntu1.1 121 PPT (Punched tape) bsdgames 2.17-26build1 122 Prolog swi-prolog 7.6.4+dfsg-1build1 123 Promela (Spin) spin 6.4.6+dfsg-2 124 Python python 2.7.15~rc1-1 125 R r-base 3.4.4-1ubuntu1 126 Ratfor ratfor 1.0-16 127 rc rc 1.7.4-1 128 REXX regina-rexx 3.6-2.1

Note that some languages are not available in Ubuntu (marked as N/A). This repository includes their implementations in vendor/. See also vendor/README in detail.

Frequently asked questions

Q. Why?

A. Take your pick.

Q. How?

A. Good news: I published a book, "The world of obfuscated, esoteric, artistic programming". It explains how to write a quine, an ascii-art quine, and a uroboros quine like this quine-relay. You can buy my book on amazon.co.jp.

(It also contains my almost all (about forty) works, including alphabet-only Ruby program, radiation-hardened quine, etc., and explains many techniques to write such programs.)

Bad news: It is written in Japanese. I hope you could translate it to English and help me earn royalties.

Q. Language XXX is missing!

A. See the criteria for language inclusion in detail. (In short: please create a deb package and contribute it to Ubuntu.)

Q. Does it really work?

A.

Q. How long did it take you?

A. Do you try to cross the world line?

Q. The code does not fit into my display!

A. Here you go.

Q. How was the code generated?

A.

$ sudo apt-get install rake ruby-cairo ruby-rsvg2 ruby-gdk-pixbuf2 \
  optipng advancecomp ruby-chunky-png
$ cd src
$ rake2.0 clobber
$ rake2.0

License

The MIT License applies to all resources except the files in the vendor/ directory.

The files in the vendor/ directory are from third-parties and are distributed under different licenses. See vendor/README in detail.

---

The MIT License (MIT)

Copyright (c) 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 Yusuke Endoh (@mametter), @hirekoke

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.