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springboot如何集成netty，实现聊天室

 1 month ago
source link: https://blog.51cto.com/u_7239686/10243705
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springboot如何集成netty，实现聊天室

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要在Spring Boot中集成Netty以实现一个聊天室，你需要以下几个步骤：

  1. 添加Netty依赖: 在pom.xml文件中添加Netty依赖：
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
    <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
    <version>4.1.52.Final</version>
</dependency>

或者，在Gradle中添加：

implementation 'io.netty:netty-all:4.1.52.Final'
  1. 创建Netty服务器配置: 创建一个Netty服务器配置类，用于启动Netty服务器并添加所需的channel handlers。
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketFrame;
import io.netty.handler.ssl.SslContext;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class NettyServerConfig {

    @Value("${netty.port}")
    private int port;

    @Bean(destroyMethod = "shutdownGracefully")
    EventLoopGroup bossGroup() {
        return new NioEventLoopGroup();
    }

    @Bean(destroyMethod = "shutdownGracefully")
    EventLoopGroup workerGroup() {
        return new NioEventLoopGroup();
    }

    @Bean
    ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap(EventLoopGroup bossGroup, EventLoopGroup workerGroup) {
        ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
        b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
            .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
            .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
                @Override
                protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) {
                    ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpServerCodec());
                    // Add more handlers here, such as your WebSocket handler.
                }
            });
        return b;
    }

    @Bean
    ChannelFuture serverBootstrapFuture(ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap) {
        return serverBootstrap.bind(port).syncUninterruptibly();
    }
}
  1. 创建WebSocket Channel Handler: 创建一个处理WebSocket连接的Channel Handler。
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.TextWebSocketFrame;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketFrame;

public class WebSocketFrameHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<WebSocketFrame> {

    @Override
    protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, WebSocketFrame frame) throws Exception {
        // Handle text frame which is expected to be the most used frame type.
        if (frame instanceof TextWebSocketFrame) {
            TextWebSocketFrame textFrame = (TextWebSocketFrame) frame;
            // Broadcast received message to all channels.
            ctx.channel().writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(textFrame.text()));
        } else {
            String message = "unsupported frame type: " + frame.getClass().getName();
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException(message);
        }
    }
}
  1. 配置Spring Boot启动类: 在Spring Boot启动类中，添加启动Netty服务器的代码。
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application implements CommandLineRunner {

    private final ChannelFuture serverBootstrapFuture;

    public Application(ChannelFuture serverBootstrapFuture) {
        this.serverBootstrapFuture = serverBootstrapFuture;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
    }

    @Override
    public void run(String... args) {
        serverBootstrapFuture.channel().closeFuture().addListener(future -> {
            // Perform post-close operations here if you need to.
        });
    }
}
  1. 前端集成: 创建一个HTML页面用于WebSocket连接到Netty服务器，并提供聊天界面。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Netty Chat Room</title>
</head>
<body>
    <textarea id="chat" rows="10" cols="30"></textarea><br>
    <input type="text" id="message" placeholder="Enter your message"/>
    <button onclick="sendMessage()">Send</button>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var socket = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8080/chatroom");
        socket.onmessage = function(event) {
            var chat = document.getElementById('chat');
            chat.value = chat.value + '\n' + event.data;
        };

        function sendMessage(){
            var message = document.getElementById('message').value;
            socket.send(message);
        }
    </script>
</body>
</html>

在上述代码中，Netty服务器会在定义的端口上启动，并监听WebSocket连接。WebSocketFrameHandler类将处理所有WebSocket消息。这是一个基础的示例，仅用于说明如何在Spring Boot中集成Netty以及启用WebSocket通信。实际的生产环境中，你可能需要添加更多的安全性、异常处理和消息格式化等功能。

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