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C++ 20: Inline Assembly

 4 years ago
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asm-declaration gives the ability to embed assembly language source code within a C++ program. This declaration is conditionally-supported and implementation defined, meaning that it may not be present and, even when provided by the implementation, it does not have a fixed meaning.

Contents

[ edit ] Syntax

asm ( string_literal ) ;

[ edit ] Explanation

The string_literal is typically a short program written in assembly language, which is executed whenever this declaration is executed. Different C++ compilers have wildly varying rules for asm-declarations, and different conventions for the interaction with the surrounding C++ code.

As otherblock declarations, this declaration can appear inside a block (a function body or another compound statement), and, as all other declarations, this declaration can also appear outside a block.

This section is incomplete
Reason: write a note on GCC extended assembly syntax, since it is now supported by Intel, IBM, Sun (as of v12), etc

[ edit ] Examples

Demonstrates two kinds of inline assembly syntax offered by the GCC compiler. This program will only work correctly on x86_64 platform under Linux.

Run this code

#include <iostream>
 
extern "C" int func();
// the definition of func is written in assembly language
// raw string literal could be very useful
asm(R"(
.globl func
    .type func, @function
    func:
    .cfi_startproc
    movl $7, %eax
    ret
    .cfi_endproc
)");
 
int main()
{
    int n = func();
    // extended inline assembly
    asm ("leal (%0,%0,4),%0"
         : "=r" (n)
         : "0" (n));
    std::cout << "7*5 = " << n << std::endl; // flush is intentional
 
    // standard inline assembly
    asm ("movq $60, %rax\n\t" // the exit syscall number on Linux
         "movq $2,  %rdi\n\t" // this program returns 2
         "syscall");
}

Output:

7*5 = 35

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