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Decorator Design Pattern in Java

 5 years ago
source link: https://www.tuicool.com/articles/hit/yMby2aq
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Let's imagine that we want to create a game, and, for our superhero, we want to add a new gadget to every level of the game. Each gadget should be selected by the player. How can we do that?

One way to do that is by using the traditional inheritance. We will create a base abstract gadget class and multiple subclasses for different gadget combination.

But, wait! I have n numbers of gadgets, so, in my case, I have to create n subclasses.

If n = 5, then, for 5 powers, the number of subclasses will be 5! = 120. For 5 gadgets, we have to create 120 subclasses. Is there any other simple way to do that?

Yes, we can use the decorator design pattern to solve this problem.

The decorator design pattern allows behavior to be added to an individual object , either statically or dynamically, without affecting the behavior of other objects from the same class .

The decorator design pattern   comes under the structural pattern. This pattern creates a decorator class that wraps around the original class and provides additional functionality, keeping class methods' signature intact.

We will create a   Gadget   interface and concrete classes implementing the  Gadget   interface. We will, then, create an abstract decorator class Gadgate  Decorator implementing the   Gadget   interface and having   Gadget   object as its instance variable. 3eMBzym.png!web

FlightGadget and   UnibeamChestProjectorGadget   are concrete classes implementing the   GadgateDecorator .

The suit class will implement the Gadget   interface, and it will be our base gadget or first gadget.

Gadget.java
package com.genericclass.decorator.design.pattern;

public interface Gadget {
     Gadget addGadget();
    void showGadget();
}

GadgetDecorator.java

package com.genericclass.decorator.design.pattern;

public abstract class GadgetDecorator implements Gadget{ 
  Gadget nextGadget;
  public GadgetDecorator(Gadget nextGadget) { 
    this.nextGadget = nextGadget; 
  } 
  @Override public
  Gadget addGadget() { 
     return this; 
   }
   @Override 
   public void showGadget() { 
     nextGadget.showGadget(); 
   }
}

FlightGadget.java

package com.genericclass.decorator.design.pattern;
public class FlightGadget extends GadgetDecorator {
 public FlightGadget(Gadget nextGadget) { 
   super(nextGadget);
 } 
  @Override 
  public void showGadget() { 
   super.showGadget(); 
   System.out.println(" Flying Gadget..."); 
  }
}

UnibeamChestProjectorGadget.java

package com.genericclass.decorator.design.pattern;
public class UnibeamChestProjectorGadget extends GadgetDecorator {
  public UnibeamChestProjectorGadget(Gadget nextGadget) { 
    super(nextGadget); 
  } 
  @Override 
  public void showGadget() { 
    super.showGadget(); 
    System.out.println(" Unibeam Chest Projector..."); 
  }
}

Suit.java

package com.genericclass.decorator.design.pattern;
public class Suit implements Gadget{
 @Override 
public Gadget addGadget() {
 return this; }
 @Override
 public void showGadget() {
  System.out.println(" Iron Man Suit...");
 } 
}

IronMan.java

package com.genericclass.decorator.design.pattern;
public class IronMan { 
 Gadget gadget = new Suit(); 
  public  void addNewGadget(String gadgetName) { 
    if(gadgetName.equals("Flight")) 
       this.gadget = new FlightGadget(gadget); 
    else 
      this.gadget = new UnibeamChestProjectorGadget(gadget);
   } 

   public void showGadget() { 
      System.out.println("My Gadgets:");
      gadget.showGadget(); 
    }
 }

Main.java

package com.genericclass.decorator.design.pattern;
public class Main {
 public static void main(String[] args) { 
  IronMan ironMan = new IronMan(); 
  ironMan.addNewGadget("Unibeam Chest Projector"); 
  ironMan.addNewGadget("Flight"); 
  ironMan.showGadget(); }
}

Output:

My Gadgets:
  Iron Man Suit... 
  Unibeam Chest Projector... 
  Flying Gadget...

In conclusion, the decorator pattern provides greater flexibility than static inheritance. It enhances the extensibility of the object because changes are made by coding new classes.

The decorator pattern can be used when we want to add responsibilities dynamically at runtime.


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